In article the problem which is especially disturbing gardeners – the fans which decision will put an end to their disputes on that is in details considered, it is necessary kolonnovidny apple-trees.
This problem grasps interest and many Crimean amateur gardeners of the kolonnovidny apple-trees carried away by cultivation. Therefore we publish this material about Vera Gribanova’s experience from Dzhankoysky area.
The general hobby sadovodov kolonnovidny yablonyami began more than 10 years nazad. People wanted to grow up different grades and to receive big urozhaj – and all this on a small site. Thus nobody could distinctly obyasnit as it is necessary to look after these apple-trees. Having planted trees, schastliyovy owners of a new grade waited for a crop for 2 – 3, sometimes and for 5 years, and then, having been disappointed, vykorchevyvali trees. Sometimes trees plodonosili the next year. In this case pleasure and pride of owners wasn’t a limit. But the apple-trees overloaded with fruits, as a rule, ostanavlivalis in growth, ceased davat a crop, and in the winter perished.
On pages of agronomical izyodaniye articles of predyopriimchivy self-educated persons, which uluchshili the grades of columns growing at them in a garden began to appear. To what gardener not zaxochetsya after such advertizing to get the "improved" grades? Market azhiotazh forced enterprising producers of saplings quickly naladit their production. Any pokuyopatel couldn’t resist the vpechatyolyayushchy photo of the small deyorevets entirely covered with roskoshyony apples. Sold and pokupali everything, irrespective of a stock, a grade, flavoring qualities of fruits, a tree usyotoychivost to diseases. And neyoudivitelno that buyers oshibalis in a choice, after all information about "strange" yablonkax bigger chastyu was inaccessible wide massam or was absent absolutely.
I looked narrowly long ago at kolonnovidny apple-trees, read about them speyotsialny literature, collected vseyovozmozhny information, and at last, five years ago, planted them at myself in a garden. Saplings took in nursery, instead of in the market where it is easy to get kota in a bag. The chosen shanks of five grades (Arbat, the President, Ostankino, KV-101 and KV-102) I imparted on put MM-106. The Prizhivayemost of kidneys was excellent, saplings turned out strong, thickset therefore at once were allocated against apple-trees of other grades in nursery.
In the autumn I replaced saplings to a constant place according to the scheme 70×100 see. Always I prefer an autumn poyosadka in optimum terms, best of all from October 15 to October 25. At us in Doyonetsky area the spring often zapazdyvaet, and then sharply begins a heat. In such conditions a prizhivayemost of the sayozhenets landed in the autumn, much higher. For the winter I hilled all trees earth, having made a hillock in height 20 see. In the early spring a hillock cleaned, that not vyprevala an inoculation.
Then before me began – to cut off or not to cut off a question trees? All information on cultivation of kolonnovidny apple-trees was consolidated to that these grades don’t need a scrap. But as the agriculturist I understood that the good sheet device is necessary for normal fructification. If the top grows only, and deckman branches give a crop – is inevitable narushitsya development of a tree and there will come an isyotoshcheniye. That it to avoid, neobxodimo to establish a strict periodichyonost in fructification. It agrees zakonam the nature, a crop gradually prodvigaetsya towards growth young pobegov and as at a column grows tolko the central escape, the crop will move up.
In articles gardeners recommended to delete strong escapes on a trunk, chtoby not to spoil "type" of an apple-tree. But zhelayuyoshchy to plant columns in the garden esthetic "look" at all interesoval, they set before themselves absolyutyono other purposes. Searching optimalnogo decisions I visited skilled stanyotsiya and country sites where grew kolonny that as a result completely confirmed my doubts. Especially struck a garden of columns at the age of about 10 years. It was in August when already kept up yabloki early grades. A close formation of trees in height to 3 m almost polnostyu were closed by kroner. The main crop was on tops. Under tyazhestyu fruits of a plant it is strong naklonilis, some branches broke. Uviyodev it, I decided to cut off all the trees, irrespective of a grade, on vysote 30 cm from the earth.
In the first year all plants gave a fine gain. In the spring of sleduyuyoshchy year, I carried out a prorezhivaniye and truncation of annual escapes, thus removed the escapes growing in krone. During the summer yablonki got stronger and zalozhili fruit kidneys. The winter of proyoshly year was severe, and the most part of fruit-trees suffered – wood and fruit kidneys almost froze slightly there was no crop, and some trees, even adults (which gave a big crop), were lost. There was no crop and on kolonnovidny apple-trees which we didn’t cut off. Those trees where it was applied a scrap, a distance neployokhy a crop of apples of larger razyomer, than on control trees. And the main thing – they stuffed up again plodoyovy kidneys – a crop of next year.
I it is constant, for neyoskolky years compared columns, koyotory weren’t cut off and scraps grew freely with apple-trees of the same age, but with a priyomeneniye. In my opinion, this comparison testifies after all in advantage scraps.
In the spring of this year I saw off foryomiruyushchy to a scrap kolonnovidny yabloni to give it a compact, pyramidal form. While it is difficult to judge results, but I achieved the wished – reduced growth of a tree and increased quantity of skeletal branches and leaves that directly influences quality of a crop and plant development as a whole. I think that at tayoky leaving productivity and durability of trees will raise. However in buyodushchy it is necessary to change the poyosadka scheme, having expanded row-spacings to 1,5 m.
Time will show, whether I was right. Someone, probably, will disagree with my arguments. To cut off kolonnovidny apple-trees or not – everyone sadovod should solve samostoyatelyyono. And we will make new smeyoly experiments.
(On Ogorodnik magazine materials).