If you are young, vigorous, work directly "burns" in your hands insistently I advise: be engaged in garden construction. And while these young years didn’t leave create a basis for quieter activity in the future. By an old age when you will become sluggish, and from it not to get to anywhere, time will suffice only on garden operation. It I now, generally also am engaged. And therefore also decided to write about the maintenance of a super intensive country garden in a pozhinaniye of fruits. This head will be a little speculative, theoretical as„ at my dacha the period of construction of a garden yet didn’t end. Planned to finish it by 60 years, but it is already visible – not to turn out. It is necessary to spend, probably, a years more two.
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From experience of the practician
If you are young, vigorous, work directly "burns" in your hands insistently I advise: be engaged in garden construction. And while these young years didn’t leave create a basis for quieter activity in the future. By an old age when you will become sluggish, and from it not to get to anywhere, time will suffice only on garden operation. It I now, generally also am engaged. And therefore also decided to write about the maintenance of a super intensive country garden in a pozhinaniye of fruits. This head will be a little speculative, theoretical as„ at my dacha the period of construction of a garden yet didn’t end. Planned to finish it by 60 years, but it is already visible – not to turn out. It is necessary to spend, probably, a years more two.
The garden is set with the trees imparted on slaborosly stocks by grades, immune to the main diseases, at distance of 1-1,2 meters among and with the kroner created on type a harmonous spindle, or a standard pyramid. And along paths kolonnovidny trees are planted: these generally steady against the main diseases, columns are planted at distance of 40-50 centimeters from each other and form green walls. Between ranks 1,5 at most 2 meters. The bigger distance for row-spacings isn’t required: on giving by tractors after all don’t go, as it do in industrial to a garden. Along ranks of trees ranks of wild strawberry, an interval between its lines about 90 centimeters that one person could pass, without attacking some berry. Ranks of wild strawberry, all area, zamulchirovany different organic chemistry is best of all. If it was possible to lay a young cane, or a slanted grass, you go on a garden as on mats, pleasantly smells as fresh hay. It hay sticks – ardent opponents of any pathogenic fungi started to work. Everywhere here and there the garlic, different onions, fennel, fennel, parsley, a parsnip and other spicy plants which the, aromas frighten off wreckers grow, suppress different pathogenic microorganisms and involve the predatory insects eating harmful insects.
In a warm season periodically, during watering, bring EM preparations, enriching the soil with useful microorganisms. EM is effective soil microorganisms of the most productive strains.
In blizi trees grow on Donnik’s bush or Lucerne, they help them to resist xlorozu. On a bush of the Marigold (Calendula) and Barkhattsev (Chernobrivtsa) – herbs of traditional medicine and to trees are quite useful. No iron for years disturbs roots of plants and microliving creatures of the soil, creators of its fertility. There are no wounds on roots, don’t get and sprout on them disputes of mushrooms though at application as a mulch of shaving and sawdust, in the soil it is enough of them. Round a garden, on a fence scraps of plastic bottles with sour compote, kvass, juice and other sacchariferous liquids for catching of brazhnik – harmful any butterflies a plodozhorok and wasps are hanged.
At such maintenance of a garden the soil is quickly revitalized, and application of any chemistry practically disappears. The most dreadful diseases of fruit plants: parsha, mealy dew, monilioz and a kurchavost of leaves behave quite modestly. The most "terrible" chemistry applied at my dacha, is 7 % solution of urea (carbamide). Others apply its eight-percentage solution. In literature the recommendation to apply even 12 % solution meets. I am afraid of Ho while it to do. I dissolve in the 15th liter tank of a sprayer a kilogram pack of fertilizer with addition of an ampoule of Silk or Novosilka – inhibitor of immunity of plants. Silk – a product of processing of needles of a fir. It kills nobody, absolutely harmless, however strengthens ability of a plant to resist to an extreme environment, the adverse microbiological environment. The carbamide is recommended to be applied in the autumn when fell down about a half of leaves. But before it is necessary to wash out properly trees and to spill fallen-down foliage. The temperature should be positive. But in my garden when fall down leaves, wild strawberry berries still ripen, and they will end only when will freeze at low temperature. Therefore washing of trees I carry out in so-called February windows. The effect amazing – once washed out also two years fruits as wax models.
Carbamide solution, having neutral reaction, doesn’t burn rough, oprobkovevshy fabrics of plants in a dormant period. Getting into them, it becomes effective extra root top dressing both for trees, and for wild strawberry and the vegetables growing in row-spacings, enriching organic opad and a mulch with nitrogen, promotes rapid development cellyulezolitikov: mushrooms trixodermy, a hay stick and still pyada of similar microorganisms, competitors – harmful fungi.
If found symptoms of diseases in the summer, it is possible to spray weekly a garden, alternating microbiological preparations EM-1, EM-5, Gaupsin or another harmless to microflora and soil fauna a biological preparation.
EM-1 absolutely harmless to animals and the person.
It is recommended to use for enrichment of microflora of a potroshka of a bird and a stomach of pets. In literature recommendations of application of Em of a preparation in cases of strong diarrhea of the person meet. By the way, there are some positive experiences in the Crimea. Some time ago detailed instructions on application EM-1 and EM-5 were published in the Dacha newspaper. Gaupsin and some more specialized microbiological preparations make in Odessa.
It everything, more than any processings in a garden I do not do. Somehow there came to me Natalia and Sergey Ilyukhina, known razvodchik in our district of garden wild strawberry. Wanted to look, as on my wild strawberry pincers propagate. Long it was necessary to look for this wrecker.
Certainly, wreckers and diseases in my garden are, but they don’t create a problem, because in the non-polluting environment useful microorganisms roughly develop. After all at me earthworms, lizards live in a garden, toads, hedgehogs, birds. 2-3 families of starlings every year settle, constantly there live some pairs of sparrows. Though trees on a site slaborosly, all the same after subsidence of leaves, we find in bushes and on trees some gnezdoviya of small birds. Last summer several times saw a pheasant: our country cooperative adjoins to the conservation zone of these of a bird. And as a result if percent wreckers and diseases spoil 10 general crops, other 90 percent remain in safety. And this crop is absolutely free from poisons, pesticides and other chemistry.
After stops perekopka or a plowed land, long-term weeds are gradually weakened: sow-thistles, euphorbias and bindweed field (birch). After all seeds of herbs to the soil aren’t closed up, old seeds of weeds from depth aren’t dug out, and located to surfaces in the spring amicably ascend and it is easy to cut them ploskorezami. On me five times ploskorezy are so best of all to walk, than once to dig over: both time, and forces it is spent less. At refusal from perekopki stops as cultivation of perennials by root shanks: 2-3 layers of paper or a layer of the tare cardboard, the soils laid on surfaces, and powdered with a five-centimetric mulch, completely "cut" long-term weeds. Even if there will be annual herbs on the mulch, they are easily pulled out, and laid here, become an additional mulch. The cut-off or pulled-out vegetation shouldn’t be taken out anywhere, it should be laid right there where grew, nearby on the bared site of the soil.
And still such weeds on a site should be present at a small amount. First, they – the house for the predatory insects destroying wreckers. Secondly, they allocate in the atmosphere and to the soil substances peculiar only to them which aren’t allocated with cultural plants, but extremely to them are useful. For example, as for the person of seasoning from which full you will not be, but without them food fresh, appetite doesn’t cause.
It is necessary to aspire to that there was no naked earth. Earth always should be covered with something, at least weeds. The naked earth – the dead earth. During a summer time in the afternoon it is heated to such an extent that the bucket of the poured-out water till the evening dries completely, having formed on a pool place "concrete". The same site covered at least with two layers of the newspaper, remains damp some days.
If there is nothing to cover the earth then whitewash it as it do on Kuban. Whitewashed, it, doesn’t heat up to such an extent when the white is turned off, and any albuminous life in the soil stops, without speaking about a nitrification. Can be even the atmospheric irrigation, that is loss of underground dew on surfaces of underground cavities will begin, we will tell in xodyax earthworms and other soil living creatures. If to dig and poison, such cavities at all won’t be.
Will pass some time, you will not manage to look back, fruit-trees will expand, on a site surface almost there will be no light spots. The efficiency of solar energy in the form of the light will come nearer to 1: any photon won’t be gone, without participating in photosynthesis.
But wild strawberry in these conditions it is darkish. At first decay usual, disposable fructification, a grade. Then will refuse grow also grades of neutral light day. The wild strawberry should be started: let grows, as wants.
It is possible podseyat a white clover or a polevitsa pobegonosny: their seeds are on sale under a trademark a lawn for lazy. They form dense, undersized herbage similar to felt. Podkashivat such "lawn" isn’t required. The apples which have fallen to such carpet from undersized apple-trees, aren’t damaged at all. Well and the wild strawberry that, it fulfilled the and laborious this work – to grow up it.
But there was still completely not used thermal energy and energy of organic chemistry which collected for years of an intensive and constant mulchirovaniye. Mushrooms can turn this energy into production suitable for the use. Light isn’t necessary to them, even is harmful. In the nature the wood laying – similarity of an old mulch, foozles, dead wood and damp air is necessary to them. At us such environment was already formed: some years wore out different organic chemistry for a mulchirovaniye, didn’t clean fallen leaves and the cut-off branches, cut not pleasant or sick trees and left stubs on a place which infected with oyster mushrooms, honey agarics and shiitake, and on a site field mushrooms and other mushrooms. And, I hope, on mushrooms to the wood I will not go. Ilyukhina, for example, on the personal plot in successful year collect on neskolku buckets of field mushrooms, without applying special work and means.
Here it, in my opinion, the most intensive use of a country site. After all any ray of energy, consider, doesn’t vanish.
And there is more to come: there are not used nectar of flowers, areas of a court yard, a wall and a roof of a country house, fences. But about it then if my real narration interests someone. If who on a word doesn’t trust, come, look, ask, check on the sites. Successes to you and pleasures from them!
N MAKSIMOV, Jankoi.
Edition note. Not N. Maksimov’s all recommendations demand on truth of the last instatsiya, however his love to the earth and work deserve big respect.