To provide conditions for protection of citizens, their property and environment against dangerous products and services – a duty of each state, each producer. In article it is reported about necessary measures on a national level for the solution of these problems, and also problems of quality of production.
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Safety – a duty of the state and producers. To provide conditions for
protection of citizens, their property and environment against dangerous products and services – a duty of each state, each producer. The desire of Ukraine to access to WTO and be integrated into EU predetermines need of establishment by the state of obligatory requirements to production by introduction of the European instructions on safety through Technical regulations. Also it is necessary to create domestic system of confirmation of compliance through special bodies which would admit developed countries. These tasks are solved means of technical regulation and are the state regulating function.
The problems of safety being prime for the decision, need special attention from public institutions and demand considerable financial resources. And on these problems efforts of the state should be concentrated.
It is necessary first of all:
• to accelerate reforming of the state systems of standardization and certification with observance of standards of laws in force of Ukraine in this sphere;
• to stir up activities for acceptance in Ukraine of the European instructions on safety by introduction of the corresponding Technical regulations;
• to provide systematic investigations of the facts, consequences and the reasons of delivery of dangerous production (services) and development of adequate correcting and warning actions.
Such approach, soriyentirovanny on the solution of problems of safety of people, property and environment, ensuring access of the Ukrainian goods on the foreign markets has basic value.
Quality – at level of state standards. The average level (conditional Quality) provides establishment and achievement by the state of additional unessential requirements to quality of production, and also to control systems of quality which according to the international practice and the Law of Ukraine "About standardization" aren’t subject to state regulation.
For the solution of these problems it is necessary:
• to accelerate further practical reforming of the state systems of standardization, compliance and accreditation confirmation according to the international practice and the current legislation of Ukraine in this sphere;
• to stir up activities for acceptance in Ukraine of norms of the international standards by harmonization with them state standards of Ukraine (DSTU);
• to continue and accelerate practical formation of national system of accreditation which would admit Europe and the world, provided the international recognition of the Ukrainian certificates;
• to carry out the relevant activities for administrative reforming.
At this level the need for change of the relation to quality amplifies from heads and the personnel of the enterprises, in formation of their realized aspiration to improve quality of production, to introduce management systems on the basis of the ISO 9000 standards, for the purpose of stable achievement of compliance of production to norms of DSTU. It is known that now the considerable part of the enterprises checked during the state supervision, doesn’t provide observance of requirements of state standards.
Assistance to the enterprises is actual from the state: creation economic and financial (first of all tax) and other conditions which would stimulate collectives to improvement of systems of quality management, achievement and observance of norms of DSTU. Respectively, there are actual changes in the relation to quality problems from central and regional authorities, quality management improvement in public institutions.
Such approach is already capable to provide competitiveness of domestic products and the enterprises. But only partially. After all in the conditions of the oversaturated world market and globalization consumers have a possibility to choose among equal, preferring the best offers. In particular, to offers from leaders of world business who after the accession of Ukraine to the WTO will get an open entry on the market of Ukraine and will start more actively it to master.
Perfection – excess of standards and continuous improvement
In our state the long period the philosophy focused on observance of state standards of Ukraine and confirmation of compliance by certificates of UKRSEPRO as conditions, sufficient for ensuring competitiveness was formed. Actually even for domestic market it is not enough to adhere only DSTU. It is known that standards fix average achievements in a certain direction, regulate norms already approved by community and rules. But for obtaining competitive advantages it is necessary to offer consumers production (the goods, works, services) which exceed proposals of competitors. Therefore in the world competitive fight is managed over the norms established by standards.
In world practice philosophy and the concept of the General (comprehensive) quality management (TQM) which extend on all continents for many decades and which standardization and certifications, as it, first of all, initiative and creativity processes isn’t subject exist the most progressive and effective approach, soriyentirovanny on excess of norms of standards and continuous improvement.
Introduction in the country of concepts of TQM and orientation of real production sector to excess of the state norms in scales of the country demands formation of new philosophy of business, basic changes in the relation to quality problems from heads and the personnel as enterprises, and authorities, formation of the realized aspiration continuously to improve management on the basis of the most modern world experience.
For achievement of notable results it is necessary to provide disclosure of intellectual and creative potential of the state, further development of movement for quality and perfection "from below" (with active assistance "from above") by attraction of wide circles of the scientific and technical public to processes of constant sovershenstvovaniye and improvements. As it was, for example, in Japan and Germany, and today in Hungary and Turkey.
Basic value gets participation of domestic professional non-governmental structures in expansion and development of social movement for quality and perfection, creation of partnership between the state and the public.
For practical introduction of this approach new to Ukraine which is the most difficult in the mastering and introduction relation, but at the same time and the most perspective, it is expedient to provide active assistance from the state, first of all:
• on creation of effective mechanisms of encouragement of the enterprises and the organizations to improvements;
• on creation of the domestic branched-out infrastructure for granting to the Ukrainian enterprises and the organizations of a complex of highly professional services on the basis of the best world and domestic practice of managing;
• on large-scale application in favor of domestic enterprises of the international powers of the Ukrainian professional organizations in the quality and perfection sphere;
• on development of national system of an assessment, recognition and stimulation of business perfection of the enterprises on the basis of the European model of perfection (model of perfection of EFQM);
• on generalization and distribution of experience of the best domestic enterprises, first of all what reached professional European recognition;
• on development of national movement for quality and perfection;
• on expansion of cooperation with the recognized international organizations concerning quality, first of all, the most influential among them – the European organization of quality (EOQ) and the European fund of quality management (EFQM).
In modern conditions only such approach can become the precondition of achievement of resistant competitiveness both certain subjects of managing, and all domestic economy, a motive power for social and economic breakthrough of our state. Only such approach is acceptable for Ukraine which prepares for accession to WTO, eurointegration and aspires notable improvement of quality of life of citizens.
P. Kalita, president of the Ukrainian association of quality, president of the International guild of professionals of quality, board member and General assembly of the European organization of quality
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