In the publication advice is given as it is simpler to start the engine in cold weather by means of the electroheating device with use of pozistorov-semi-conductor devices with the nonlinear temperature characteristic, that is with nonlinear dependence of electric resistance on temperature.
In northern and northeast regions of Russia of temperature in the winter pretty often fall below 40°S
In northern and northeast regions of Russia of temperature in the winter pretty often fall below 40°S. At such frost zapustit automobile and tractor dvigayotel extremely difficult: even winter masla get denser so that become firm, pochti as soap. Synthetic, ostayushhiesya liquid at any frost, to mnoyogy motor transport services are too expensive and the risk is very great to receive a fake, which in the market multitudes.
It is necessary to warm up oil before motor start-up. Simplest – to fill in in sistemu coolings hot water. But, with one storony, water not too effective teployonositel, and with another – this way in general is unsuitable, if cooling system zapolnena nonfreezing liquid.
Often drivers warm up a case a payalyyony lamp or a gas torch, breaking all possible safety rules – after all around is full of combustible materials. And it is hardly to provide ravyonomerny heating, and it is necessary, that oil didn’t burn. Inogyod apply steam. Oil in this case won’t burn, but on a frost of pairs is condensed and in a look fly covers machine components.
At last, in a case establish elektroyonagrevatelny elements and include them for 30-40 mines before engine start-up. And in it sluchae it is necessary to apply difficult automatic equipment to ensuring uniform heating.
Is much more perspective to do elektyoronagrevatelny devices with ispolzovaniyoy pozistor – semi-conductor priborov with nonlinear temperature harakterisyotiky, that is with nonlinear dependence of elekyotrichesky resistance on temperature.
The characteristic has two sites. At nizyoky temperatures the otritsatelyyony factor of resistance is observed. At the opreyodelenny temperature called temperayotury switching, the factor of a soprotivyoleniye becomes positive and grows after an exhibitor. Depending on pozistor brand the temperature of switching makes from-30 to 400°S.
The temperature characteristic of a pozistor consists of two sites: at first at a temperature poyovysheniye resistance umenshaetsya, but then begins quickly grow.
Heater with pozistor establish in the lower part of a case of the engine, that povysit efficiency of a warming up at the expense of a konyovektsiya. Tests of pozistorny heaters showed that for engines cargo avtoyomobily the optimum capacity of a heater makes 300 – 600 W.
S. KOCHERGIN, Century OSTRIKOV. Self-regulating electroheating of engine oil in internal combustion engines. "Engine-building".