In article there is a speech about a bacterial preparation to Biopolitsida, possessing kompyolekyosy agronomical useful properties and about a vozmlozhnost of his use instead of himiyocheyosky fungicidov for effekyotivyony protection of grain, bean and vegetable crops against mushroom diseases.
The plant growing intensification on a chemical and technogenic basis provides big crops of agricultural production, but is connected with advancing growth of expenses of material resources and non-renewable energy on a unit of production, and wide primen
The plant growing intensification on a chemical and technogenic basis provides vyyosoyoky crops of agricultural production, but is connected with advancing rosyoty expenses of material resources and non-renewable energy on an ediyoyonitsa of a proyoyoduktsiya, and wide application of pesticides causes pollution produktov a food and environment harmful to live organisms soedineniyami. Intensive anthropogenous loading broke a natural sbalansiyoroyovanyoyonost of vegetative and microbic interaction in agrofitocenozax and led to simplification mikrobocenozov soils and to decrease in natural fertility.
In slozhivshixsya conditions for receiving biologically high-grade production and preservation of fertility of the soil it is necessary to pass to ecologically expedient hoyozyayyoyoyostyovovaniye, one of which directions is activation of activity of reyoyoyozidentny microflora of the soil by introduction of various organic udobyoreyoyoniya: manure, composts, straw, collateral production of plant growing, sideratov. Other direction – this creation and application in plant growing mikroyobny preparatov, plants improving a root food, stimuyoyoyoliruyushchy their growth, protecting from diseases and wreckers.
Now production technologies and applications of biological products on the basis of symbiotic and associative azotfiksiruyushchy and fosfatmobilizuyushchy microorganisms, and also microorganisms, produtsiyoruyoyuyoshchy phytohormones, vitamins, organic acids, antibiotics and druyogy biologicheski active substances are developed. It promotes improvement mineralnogo a piyoyoyoyotaniye of plants, to increase of their stability to various stressam and to phytopathogens, growth of productivity and quality of production of a rasteyoyoniyoyoyoevodstvo at a sokhrayoneyoniya of fertility of soils.
However in practice of agricultural industry wide application biopreparatov is interfered by their incompatibility with the majority of modern himiyoyochesky means of protection of plants from diseases and wreckers. Creation of microbic biological products for biological protection of plants against the diseases compatible to biological products of other functionality became an actual task.
Such preparation of antifungalny action was razrabotan soyotrudnik of the Southern branch of Institute of an agricultural mikroyobioloyoyogiya on the basis of a bacterium of Paenibacilluspolymyxashtamm P allocated from rizoyosfer goroxa and nazvanBiopolicid (BSP). It represents gel yellowy-brown cveta, obyoyorazuyemy own ekzopolisaxaridami which contains in 1 ml not less than 100 million dispute. A period of storage at 2-15oS about three months. The Gektaryony dose for grain and bean crops makes 100 ml. Bioprepayoyorat forms resistant suspension with water and, thanks to kleyushhimsya to properties ekzopolisaxaridov, well keeps on a surface semyan. As well as the bolshinyoyostvo of microbiological preparations, Biopolitsid possesses poliyofunktsionalny the efyofekty.
The main mekhayoyonizm of action – this formation of antifungalny veyoyoshchestvo, highly active to a shiyoroky circle of phytopathogenic mushrooms – vozbuyodiyoyoteyoyoly extended boyoyolezny agricultural plants. A certain value imeet also vyyotesneny from rizosfer of plants PaenibacilluspolymyxaP strain usyolovyono payoyotogenny and pathogenic mikroorganizmov, blagodarya its high konyoyokuyorentny ability, which obuslovlena inyotenyoyosivny growth and its high adapyotivnost to living conditions. The strain of PaenibacilluspolymyxaP is an azotfiksator and can develop at absence in the environment of miyoneyoralyyony and oryoyoyoganichesky compounds of nitrogen though its azotfiksiruyushchy aktivyonost otnosiyotelno is insignificant. Being facultative anaeroby, strain P it is active funkcioniruet and in the oxygen-free environment, and ability to a sporoobrazovaniye gives the chance to it to survive in stressful conditions. Owing to education bolshogo quantities of sour metabolites and ekzopolisaxaridov strain P sposobstvuet fosfatmobilizatsiya, that is to transformation of almost nerastyovoriyomy pochyoyovenny phosphates into forms available to plants. When processing by Biopolitsid semyan grain and bean crops the increase in weight prorostkov for 7-11 % that points to existence at it roststimuliruyushchy properties is often observed.
In comparison with known similar biological products Biopolitsid prevosxodit rizoplan (Pseudomonasputida) and concedes fitosporinu (BacillussubtilisD 26) on a range antifungalnogo actions a little, however their antibioyotiyoyochesky activity is almost identical. Unlike fitosporina, Biopolitsid not proyavlet antagonism to proyoizyovodyoyoyoyostvenny strains of simbioyotichesky, associative azotfiksiruyushchy and fosfatmobilizuyushchy mikroyooryoganizm – to an azotobakter, flavobakteriya, enyoyoteyorobakteriya, klubenkovy bacteria. Selectivity of action of Biopolitsid gives vozmozhnostispolzovat it together with druyoyoyoyoyogy mikrobiologicheskimi preparations, without reducing their effekyotinost.
Antibiotic action of bioagents of Biopolitsid and fitosporina on phytopathogenic mushrooms
In laboratory trials processing of seeds of barley by Biopolitsid reduced a koliyocheyostvo of mushrooms on their surface in 2 hours twice, and in a month – in 3-9 times that was comparable to action fundazola and almost in 2 times exceeded an effekyotivyoyonost a maxim.
In field and know-how Odessa GSXOS, Institute of a psheyonitsa of V.N.Remesla and Institute of agroecology and UAAN biotekhnoyoloyogiya preseeding processing of seeds of winter wheat by a preparation Biopolitsid increased its productivity for 11-17 % and collecting a crude protein – on 0,5-0,7 c/hectares, without conceding by efficiency to chemical protravitel bajtanu, vitavaksu, fundazolu and maksimu. In production tests on winter wheat sorta Obry in JSC Gvardeyskoye at Biopolitsidpoluchen’s use a grain yield of 36,6 c/hectares, whereas in option with the fungitsidy vitatiuramy – only 32,4 c/hectares.
Weather conditions of 2001 promoted development and a rasprostraneyoniya of mushroom diseases of winter wheat that led to decrease in a grain yield and considerably its bigger osemenyonnost disputes of mushrooms, than usually. In 11 know-how of Institute of agroecology and UAAN bioyotekhyoyonoyoyologiya where seeds of winter wheat before crops processed komyoyoyopleksy microbic preparations (diazofit, polimiksobakterin and Biopolitsid) and a mix of mikyoroyoyoelement, grain of skilled options was in 2-7 times less zarayozheyoyoyono disputes of mushrooms in comparison with control. Decreased not only quantity, but also a viyoyodoyoyoyovy variety of mushrooms, especially phytopathogenic and tokyosinobrazuyushchy types.
Fungitsida, protecting bean plants from phytopathogens, raise their proyoduktivnost, however thus reduce a share of biological nitrogen in urozhae for 22-70 %, and sometimes completely ingibiruyut a symbiotic azotfiksayotsiya. Without conceding chemical fungicidam in decrease in a porazhyonnost of bean plants kornevymi gnilyami, Biopolitsidsposobstvuyet’s preparation more effektivnomu to functioning a rhizobium.
Replacement chemical fungitsidovbiopolitsidy in technologies of cultivation of boboyovy cultures (a soya, peas, nuta, lucernes, esparceta, a clover) allows povysit an effekyoyotivyonost of use of biological products of sootyovetstvuyushchy species of the klubenkovy bacteria known under the name nitragin, rizotorfin, and since 2001 and rizobofit for an inokulyatsiya of seeds as PaenibacilluspolymyxaP doesn’t show to them antagonistiyocheyosky properties and doesn’t oppress education by plants azotfikyosiruyushchy klubenkov. To apply a biological product it is possible as separately, and in a mix with other mikyorobny biological products.
Thus, the bacterial preparation Biopolitsid possesses kompyolekyosy agronomical useful properties and egomozhno to use instead of himiyocheyosky fungicidov for effekyotivyony protection of grain, bean and vegetable crops against mushroom diseases.
Biological products and additional information on technology of application can be received in the Southern branch of Institute of agricultural microbiology of UAAN to the address:
97513, ARK, Simferopol area, p.g.t. Guards, K. Marx St., 107. E-mail:; Ph. (0652) 32-34-74, 32-39-65. Fax (0652) 32-30-50
Recommendations prepared:
T.Melnichuk, N. Sherstoboyev, E.Sherstoboyev, I.Kamenev, L.Melnichuk, L.Chaykovskaya, N Tolkachyov, L.Tatarin, T.Parkhomenko, Southern branch of Institute of agricultural microbiology of UAAN.
E.Turin, APP UAAN Crimean institute.
N. Reznik, Crimean state agrotechnological university.
O. Kovalchuk, Crimean experimental station of vegetable growing of IYuOB.