A material of specialists of the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN in which recommendations about an occasion of a choice of culture and a grade winter grain for receiving the most big crop are made.
On the threshold of the sowing company of each agricultural producer excites the main question: what cultures and grades to sow for receiving the maximum return from each hectare of a cultivated area?
The main winter grain crops of a steppe zone – wheat and barley. Wheat is grown up on the food purposes and on fodder as at crops on the worst predecessors and at the minimum dose of application of fertilizers (and sometimes and without them) it is impossible to receive quality grain. In such situation it is better to grow up winter barley as its productivity on 5-7 c/hectares is higher, than winter wheat, and fodder qualities of barley it is better, than wheat. Besides, winter barley – culture early cleaned that allows to sell grain at the highest price and to improve a financial position of an economy during the most necessary moment.
The Crimean institute of agroindustrial production is engaged about 60 years in selection of winter barley. 5 grades of selection of institute are included in the State register of grades of plants of Ukraine, 4 of them (the Snow-storm, Onega, Rising, Ogonkovsky) are zoned in recent years.
Now winter barley widely and with success is cultivated in all regions of the Crimea, and the most frequent causes of death or a shortage of a crop are not so much weather conditions, how many violation of an agrotechnology of cultivation of culture.
Grades of winter barley of selection of the APP Crimean institute occupy about 20 thousand hectares in AR Crimea and annually give big crops. In 2008 their productivity at the APP Crimean institute made: Onega and Ogonkovsky – on 64 c/hectares, the Snow-storm – 68 c/hectares, Rising – 73 c/hectares. In droughty years the highest productivity the grade Ogonkovsky which thanks to precocity leaves from a fuse differs and manages to create a big crop.
Drowning which is marked out in recent years in all territory of Ukraine, allows to expand an area of distribution of winter barley in more northern areas: Kherson, Nikolaev, Zaporozhye, Kirovograd. Studying of the Crimean grades of winter barley in these areas confirmed their high efficiency and winter hardiness. In the demonstration range of the APP Nikolaev institute of a grade of winter barley of the Crimean selection provided productivity from 35,4 (Snow-storm) to 37,2 c/hectares (Onega) at productivity of a standard grade Rosava – 31 c/hectares. The agricultural enterprise of JSC Pravda of the Nikolaev area received Rising on 76 c/hectares of grain of winter barley of a grade.
At the APP UAAN Odessa institute the Snow-storm provided a grade of winter barley productivity 34, and Onega – 32,6 c/hectares at crops on the worst predecessor (summer barley after winter barley). At Institute of agriculture of the southern region of UAAN (Kherson) the above-named grades provided productivity at level of 40 c/hectares, having authentically exceeded a standard.
Grades of winter barley of selection of the APP Crimean institute have high winter hardiness as are created in conditions with lack of almost snow cover and quite low temperatures during the winter period, with frequent thaw and return of colds. Plants quickly restore vegetative bodies at damage them late spring frosts that in the conditions of the Crimea in recent years the phenomenon often repeating.
The important indicator at a grade choice – its stability to diseases and wreckers, after all process of a drowning of climate causes sharp increase in the last. Grades of winter barley Rising, Onega, the Snow-storm are steady highly against the most harmful in our zone to golovnyovy diseases. The grade Ogonkovsky has average stability to golovnyovy diseases.
Important economic and useful quality of a grade is stability to drowning as the increase in cases of a strong wind, frequencies of squalls, strong heavy rain in recent years is observed. Grades Rising, Onega, the Snow-storm have very strong culm that promotes stability to drowning even under adverse conditions. The grade Ogonkovsky has a little lowered stability to drowning therefore at cultivation on a high agrobackground in damp years insignificant drowning of plants is noted.
The Crimean institute of agroindustrial production is ready to provide with high-quality seeds of elite and the first reproduction of winter barley of grades Onega, Ogonkovsky, Rising and the Snow-storm, and also recommendations about technology of their cultivation of all wishing.
For acquisition of seeds to address in the APP Crimean institute by phone 8 (06556) 7-63-90 and 8 (06556) 7-63-22.
L.Radchenko, A.Demchuk, Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN.