In this article the reasons of the late beginning of fructification of fruit crops are specified. Besides, recommendations about a choice of saplings for the purpose of receiving early crops of fruit crops are made.
Having planted an apple-tree, the gardener hopes in 3-4 years to have a polnotsenyony crop. But passes this term, and trees don’t blossom. Reasons of the late beginning of fructification of a young tree much. Let’s pay attention on nekotoyory of them, landing a tree, not to do mistakes and not to be disappointed in the future.
Why even at good leaving yablonya doesn’t blossom? With such question gardeners address quite often. That ustanovit the exact reason (and them can be much), detailed survey dereva is necessary. Sometimes to the expert of rather begyoly look to make correct "diagnosis" and to appoint "treatment". But byvayut the situations caused by the whole complex of various factors.
Let’s consider the most widespread reasons.
The unwillingness of a tree to blossom and can fructify to be connected with high-quality osobennostyami.
Some grades start to fructify for the 10-12th year, others on the 7-8th, and the nekoyotory skoroplodny are capable to yield a harvest at the age of 3-4 years.
Usually in characteristics of grades otmechayut their skoroplodnost. This term oznachaet term of the introduction in fructification (don’t confuse to precocity – for a sozreyovaniye of fruits).
But even skoroplodny grades can sometimes not blossom, if they aren’t suitable for your district because of the lowered zimoyostoykost and high requirements to letnemu to heat and duration of the vegetatsiyoonny period. Usually it is peculiar to the southern grades which have not been adapted for conditions of the Forest-steppe and Polesye. Eventually they here perish.
It happens that instead of cultural rayyoonirovanny grades in sale wrongly or purposely start up so-called savages – the seyanets who grown from seeds and haven’t been imparted. They start to fructify very late (in 12 – 15-year age), and fruits at them seldom happen a good kacheyostvo.
As a rule, savages of an apple-tree otlichayutsya from cultural plants lack of a place of an inoculation or the cut-out thorn (the rest a dichka) opposite to the basis of kulyyoturny escape. Besides, savages often have a dense branching, and long branches alternate with short in addition they with prickles. Usually the one who sells savages, umelo forges them under noble sazhenyoets moreover and a firm label naveshivaet. But from the cut-out excesses on stvolike there are appreciable traces (cuts) even if them mask the garden thief, etc. Therefore be attentive at pokupke saplings, don’t get them on the second-hand markets located near pitomyonik. Often exactly there select otxody, remained after mechanized vykopki saplings, and, having made sootvetstvuyoyushchy "camouflage", submit for sale.
If at you the tightening with fructification svyayozano, most likely, from the wrong agroyotekhniky grows "correct" derevo. Many for some reason consider that good leaving consists in annual introduction of manure or compost and obilyyony waterings. However in this case princip porridge oil you will not spoil not goditsya. As a result trees zhiruyut, forming the whole wood prirostov to the detriment of a laying of fruit educations.
If the garden grows on well okulturenyony soil moreover landing holes were filled with necessary elements of a food, the first 2-3 years dopolnitelyyony top dressing aren’t necessary, and watering provodyat depending on weather conditions if only the zone of an arrangement of roots was rather damp. And here to a zhiruyushchy and not fructifying tree nitric top dressing (to them otnositsya and manure) it is absolute protivopokazany. The phosphoric and potash fertilizers promoting development of floral kidneys are necessary to it.
Depending on soil type, for 7-letnego a tree the approximate norm makes 300-400 g of superphosphate and 150-200 grammov chloride potassium. Fertilizers bring in the autumn, closing up to the soil on level of a peyoriferiya of krone where the osnovyony mass of soaking-up backs, instead of near shtamba is located.
At a tree too small prirosty, it has the general oppressed view? In this case there is "bouquet" of troubles: winter damages of a bark and wood; a zaglubleniye of a root neck when landing or tree subsidence in a landing hole; incompatibility of a scion with a stock; razyolichny diseases (lacteal shine listev, zobovatost of roots, etc.). Each of these cases demands a special rassmotyoreniye.
If the tree has no symptoms of an illness and nevertheless not plodonosit because of a greasing, etc., ispolzujte some receptions, sposobyostvuyushchy to a laying of floral kidneys. There is a lot of them, but the most effekyotivny – bending back of branches in gorizonyotalny situation, imposing on them peretyazhek, a kerbovka, a pintsirovka, etc.
All told treats not only an apple-tree, but ik to a pear above. The correct selection of grades of fruit-trees and optimum leaving for nimipozvolyat to blossom to an apple-tree and a pear already with 3-letnego age.
(On Hozyain newspaper materials).