In article problems of agrarian sector of Canada, conducting to concentration of agricultural production, and their reason are described. And also ways of increase of efficiency of an economy.
From foreign experience
Canada – one of leaders of world agricultural industry. Nevertheless, in agrarian sector of this country there are problems, characteristic for very many states, including not too rich.
According to the published results of agricultural census of Canada, after 1941 within many decades process of integration of farms proceeds. If in 1996 the average size of an economy made 608 acres, in 2001 it reached 676 acres, but already to 2006 increased by 8 % and equaled to 728 acres (295 hectares). Thus the number of the cultivated areas in the country especially didn’t change.
In 2001 of the area of an arable land in this country made 90 million acres, or 36 million hectares, in 2006 – about 36 million hectares (89 million acres). But now the number of the farmers cultivating these lands, became for 7 % less. In 2001 in Canada there were 247 thousand, and now – 229 thousand farms.
It is indicative for all branches of agricultural industry of Canada. Now in the country for 20 % less cattle-breeding farms where plant KRS, than in 2001. But the quantity of the animals falling on one farm, increased for 13 % and makes 144 heads.
Pig-breeding farms also became less, for 25 %, but the quantity of a livestock increased in each economy for 45 % and reached 1308 animals (a former indicator – 902 pigs).
Such situation in many respects speaks economy and demography realities. The prices for the industrial and agricultural goods continue grow. From 2000 to 2001 of an expense for maintaining agricultural production increased for 8,6 %, and the prices for a prodoyovolstviye for the same period increased only by 1,7 %.
One more example. In the autumn of last year anhydride of ammonium cost in Canada $440/t, now – $800/t.
It turns out that farmers, on the one hand, face constantly growing expenses on housekeeping, and with another – with constant prices of the food, that is of results of the work. In such conditions to survive, it is necessary to conduct an economy more effectively.
Some specialists landowners specify what partially to lift efficiency of an economy it is possible at the expense of growth of the areas and proizvoyodstvo volume as wheat price, for example, osobo doesn’t grow, and fertilizers, equipment, fuels and lubricants stanovyatsya are more expensive. Therefore it is necessary more zarabatyvat, and to do it rather more simply at the expense of growth of gross collecting.
Aging of farmers – too the fact. Youth ostaetsya to work at the earth ever less. Middle age of the farmer in Canada now – 52 years. In 2001 this indicator was 50 years. Farmers, 35 years, only are younger than 9,1 %. In 2001 godu such there were 11,5 %, and in 1991 – 20 %.
Aged farmers leave on rest, sell the land or lease it. So concentration of land tenure is carried out. There is it sometimes and because of growth of young generation. The farm, rather large for one family, appears small when together with the father his son starts to work and when it makes own family.
As we see, process of concentration of agricultural production in Canada is diverse.
The farmer should work more, but it allows it modern equipment. That volume of work which should be carried out several decades ago in a week and more, now really to execute for half-day.
Small farmers and members of so-called family farms should work now more carefully, though on their share work is.
(On newspaper materials To Fermerska a hospodariate).