Recommendations about a protravlivaniye of seeds are provided in this article. This agroreception will allow to protect a plant in early and most vulnerable phases of its development.
Protravlivaniye of seeds and care of shoots
One of the factors influencing formation of an optimum crop and demanding continuous control over harmful objects, the phytopathologic condition of seeds is. According to the Odessa selection and genetic institute, the seed material of the current year is infected with activators alternarioza, fuzariuma, septorioza, root gnilyami, plesnevidny mushrooms. In such situation the protravlivaniye of the seeds, allowing to protect a plant in early and most vulnerable phases of its development is obligatory.
The majority of heads of farms perfectly understands that the protravlivaniye of seeds - the most radical agroreception which not only protects them from pathogenic microflora, but also partially prevents emergence of diseases in vegetation.
For crops of winter crops 80,7 t of protravitel are necessary for agricultural enterprises of the Crimea. Today security makes 79,3 t, or 98 %, the Lenin area is provided for 88 %.
At a protravlivaniye the good result gives joint application of chemical and biological preparations, such as psevdobakterin-2, fosfoenterin, rozoenterin and others. Application of biological products in agricultural production at cultivation of plants promotes increase of a crop and improvement of its quality, allows to lower a pesticidal press, to increase immunity of plants to diseases. However reduction of norms of a protravitel twice against biological preparations is inexpedient.
The choice of the protravitel protecting a plant from diseases, depends on results of phytoexamination of seeds.
Protraviteli, containing one active ingredient, seeds are capable to protect from an infection partially only.
The preparations containing karboksin, constrain a golovnevy infection and a plesneveniye of seeds to 100 %, however are less effective against root the gnily – from 30 to 60 %.
Triazola (tebukonazol, difekonazol and others faultlessly solve a problem firm and dusty golovni, but not so well operate against the gnily.
To shooting galleries (TMTD) to 100 % reduces contamination root gnilyami, to 70 % – firm the heads to 50 % – gelmintosporiozy.
Therefore, it is expedient to use the preparations containing two active ingredients. They protect from a large number of pathogenic microflora and reduce risk of emergence of resistance at activators. However, disinfecting of seeds – it only the first stage of protection of plants from pathogens. Whatever effective the protravitel was, duration of his protective action doesn’t exceed 45-60 days then the plant becomes again vulnerable for causative agents of diseases, after all the soil is the infection store. Repeated application fungicidov is recommended in early-spring terms, at the same time with chemical weeding of fields.
It is not necessary to forget and about wreckers.
Weather conditions of autumn of 2008, owing to a severe drought, are less favorable for development of myshevidny rodents. Their injuriousness is expected below, than last year. Change of their specific structure is expected also. The greatest distribution will be had by zernoyadny rodents (steppe house, wood, ochazhno kurganchikovy mice). The intense situation should be expected on fields where were grown up corn, sunflower, fig. Therefore, at identification 2-3 stake. hectare (7-10 holes in a colony), it is necessary to start fight against rodents.
Preservation of the vegetative remains on fields of the Crimea, led to accumulation in the nature of such wrecker, as the grain ground beetle. Its injuriousness, first of all, will be noted on fields, poseyanny on sternevy predecessors. Roughly expected number of the wrecker will exceed 1,5-2 copies/sq.m that above an economic threshold of injuriousness. Therefore to all selkhoztovaropriozvoditel sowing grain on sternevy predecessors, and also on irrigation lands, we urgently recommend to carry out a toksikatsiya of seeds preparations: A boundary-2 of l/t and Kruizer 0,4 – 0,5 l/t of seeds, in 3 days prior to sowing or in day of sowing that will allow to be sure within 40-45 days that larvae of the wrecker won’t destroy young shoots.
On sites without watering, in the conditions of such dry autumn as now, recommend fight against larvae of the wrecker to begin when they will start to eat. Thus it is not necessary to forget that the last three years, otrodivshiesya larvae left in diapauzu for 1,5-2 months and started a food after loss of a precipitation and increase of humidity of the soil to 20 %. At number of the wrecker of 0,5-1 copies of sq.m, it is necessary to use such preparations as Basalt k.e. – 1,8 l/hectares, Damascus k.e. – 1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Diazinon k.e. – 1,5-1,8 l/hectares.
During the autumn period of the current year in crops of grain crops it is necessary to expect ochazhny injuriousness winter scoops. At number of 2-3 pieces/sq.m, it is necessary to carry out ochazhny or continuous processings by preparations: Bazudin – 1,8 l/hectares, BI-58 – 1,5 l/hectares, Volaton of 2 l/hectares.
Due to the sharp differences of temperatures in day and night hours of the autumn period it is necessary to pay attention to such diseases winter as mealy dew the root decayed, septorioz, a yellow rust. In case of manifestation of these diseases, it is necessary to carry out processings by such preparations, as Fundazol-0,5 of kg/hectare (at air temperature of +7-14 degrees) or Bayleton, Impakt-0,5 of l/hectare, Rex Duo of 0,4-0,6 l/hectares (at temperature +14 degrees C) are higher.
To own a situation where and on what fields and what wreckers are available, and also to plan volume of protective measures, it is necessary to conduct autumn soil survey of fields.
I ask all heads of agricultural enterprises of the Crimea to organize and allocate people for carrying out such inspection.
S. Kindruk, deputy chief, head of department of forecasts and diagnostics of the State inspectorate for protection of plants of AR Crimea.