In article recommendations about an agrotechnology of cultivation of a sage muscat are made.
For increase in a mnogoletnost an ispolzovayoniya of plantations and receiving industrial uroyozhy a sage muscat from first year of a vegeyotatsiya, possibilities of spring and summer terms of crops are investigated.
To cultivate a sage muscat (SalviasclareaL.) in the Crimea began in the 20th years of proyoshly century. For last period slozhilas traditional technology of its vyrayoshchivaniye in two-year culture which a polyonost corresponded to requirements of production shown in those years.
However in present conditions at restriction of energy and material resources in an agricultural proizvodyostvo there was a need of research of ways of increase of an economic effektivyonost of culture, research of possibility of cultivation of a sage muscat in mnoyogoletny culture and receiving a crop of sotsyovetiya from first year of vegetation.
The zoned two-year grades of this culture in the conditions of the Crimea where a temperature mode very rigid, in spring period in the first year of vegetation an industrial crop don’t form. At the same time from references it is known that veyosenny and summer terms of crops in areas of doyostatochny moistening and in the presence of a vysoyoky agrobackground are considered as the best. Rayosteny form such powerful root sistemu and the socket of leaves which allow them vyderzhivat frosts and for the second year of vegetation to give a big crop of inflorescences.
Spring and letyony terms of crops didn’t practise in a foothill zone of the Crimea. Shortage of a proyoduktivny precipitation during this period and an obyazayotelny fermentation or a peskovaniye semyan before crops became Prichiyona to that. This reception is very difficult and demands big expenses of time and a hand labor.
In too time at analysis of data of the IELR meyoteorologichesky station, raspolozhenyony in the village the Crimean rose Belogorsky rajona, it was noticed that in the last a desyatiyoletiya the mid-annual amount of precipitation in this zone increased from 400 mm to 500 mm and their distribution falls generally on the spring-and-summer period and an early autumn. It suggested an idea – issledovat to possibilities of receiving shoots and optimum density of standing of plants at different terms of crops for the purpose of working off of receptions of three-year culture of a sage muscat.
MATERIAL AND METHODS OF RESEARCHES
For the solution of these questions were zalozheny experiences:
– the field two-factorial: a factor And in crops term: control – podzimyoniya, the third decade of October – the second decade of November; the early-spring – the second decade marta; the spring – the first decade of April and letyoniya – the first decade of June; factor of B: five norms of seeding of seeds 20, 50, 100, 150 and 200 pieces on 1pog. m that corresponds 1,1-1,3; 2,8-3,1; 5,6-6,3; 8,4-9,4 and 11,2-12,5¬ú/hectare.
- field three-factorial experiment, a factor And includes the same four terms of crops of seeds; a factor of B – different types of fertilizers and a fakyotor In – one – and a double postharvest podkashivaniye of an eddish. In this experience the norm of seeding was traditionally developed – 10 kg of seeds on 1 hectare.
Researches carried out on two grades – Taygan’s perspective grade and a natsionalyyony standard – grade S-785.
In experiences, according to A technique of field experiments on an agrotechnology efiromaslichny kultur, 1972, carried out the accounting of dynamics vsxodov a sage, density of standing, a gain fitomassy, its competitive capacity to weeds and biometric indicators. Selected soil tests on determination of humidity and NPK.
All researches carried out in an agrotekhniyochesky crop rotation on the IELR experimental base of page. Crimean Rose, Belogorsky area.
In a year of researches the winter was moderately damp and warm, and spring – long, with frosts to – 7°S in April, summer – long and hot. The maximum osadkov fell on June – 71 mm. As a whole for agricultural year 445 mm that makes 81 % of the average long-term sum of a precipitation dropped out. Conditions of moistening didn’t fall outside the limits the developed norm and not osobo were favorable for culture of a sage.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
As a result of the carried-out researches it is established that in a three-factorial field experiment, at identical norms of seeding of seeds, 10 kg/hectares, at podzimny, early-spring, veyosenny and summer terms of crops were polucheny amicable shoots (tab. 1). Favorably developed weather conditions and care of plants provided good density of a stoyoyaniye and powerful development of plants.
1. Density of standing of plants of a sage (pieces on 1 rm)
The most stretched shoots were polucheny at spring term of crops, poyavilis they in the third decade of April. At this term the lowest density of standing of plants that is caused by temperature increase of air and increasing defiyotsity moisture was created. And even 11-13 plants on 1 running meter or 180-200 thousand on 1 hectare are quite enough of these for formation of big crops of a sage muscat. In a podtveryozhdeniye of it in references lower density of standing, (7-8 rasyoteniye on 1 running meter or 110-120 thousand plants on 1 hectare), are considered optimum.
In field two-factorial experiment where izuchalis various terms and norms of seeding semyan, remained the same regularities, as in three-factorial experience (tab. 2).
2. Density of standing of a sage depending on terms and norms of seeding of seeds
Difference was only that shoots at podzimny term of crops of seeds sorta S-785 provided the same density of a stoyoyaniye, as well as at spring term of crops, and shoots of a grade of Taygan appeared slightly the worst though density of standing and in this case was rather high. Decrease in density of a stoyoyaniye at podzimny term of crops of seeds mozhyono to explain them long stay in conditions of a promerzaniye and soil thawing. On vsxozhesti seeds can affect and druyogy factors: the uplotnenyonost of the soil increasing by spring and weak ability prorostkov to punch an earth blanket.
As a whole these tab. 2 testify that the norm of seeding of 20 pieces of seeds on 1 running meter or 1,1-1,3 kg/hectares appeared nedostatochyony for formation of necessary density of standing of a sage. More acceptable there were norms of seeding of 50 pieces on 1 running meter (2,8-3,1 kg/hectares) and 100 pieces (5,6-6,3 kg/hectares), and increase in norms to 150-200 pieces on 1 running meter that sootvetstvuet 8,4 – 12,5 kg/hectares, conduct to neopravdannomu to an expense of seeds.
Experiences of crops of a sage muskatyony in different terms testify to possibility of early-spring, spring and summer laying of planyotatsiya without reception of a fermentation and a peskovaniye of seeds.
Spring and summer terms of crops of a sage muscat at norm 5,6 – 6,3 kg/hectares of seeds provide optimum gustotu standings of plants.
E.Merkushev, Institute efiromaslichny and UAAN herbs.