In article recommendations of the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production about cleaning of early grain and olive crops taking into account weather conditions of 2005-2006 are made
Ministry of agro-industrial complex
Weather conditions of the end of summer and autumn of 2005 were characterized by the raised temperature mode and practically lack of an economic and useful precipitation. Soil preparation under crops winter and their crops took place at the minimum stocks of productive moisture in sowing and arable layers. For this reason mass shoots appeared only in the first decade of November and winter on the most part of the areas went to winter in an initial stage of a kushcheniye, and crops of late terms of sowing – having created 2-3 leaves.
Sharp (to – 290S) and a long cold snap brought into the winter period to an izrezhivaniye winter, crops where agrotechnology violations (poor-quality preparation of the soil, small seal of seeds and very late terms of crops were allowed) especially suffered.
The condition of the winter recovered thanks to loss during the winter and spring period of a significant amount of a precipitation: in a meter layer of earth collected to 190 mm of available moisture that makes saturation of this layer to level of the smallest moisture capacity. At such vlagoobespechennost on an optimum background of a mineral food the winter created big vegetative weight: average height of 60-80 cm, density to 500 stalks on 1 sq.m.
However, depending on the predecessor and agrotechnology level, there are also izrezhenny sites of winter crops with the centers of the lost plants owing to rewintering, damage by the grain ground beetle, a provolochnik, root gnilyami.
The rains which have passed for the last week, in some places of storm character, led to drowning of winter crops, especially vysokostebelny grades.
In this regard crops of winter crops the non-uniform:
- tall, with big vegetative weight;
- undersized, with unproductive plants;
- izrezhenny, therefore the strongly littered;
- polegly crops.
Except crops of grain grains of cultures, farms of the Crimea need to clean crops – mustard, a rape, flax, other cultures.
For timely successful cleaning of these very non-uniform on the morphology, structure and size of a crop of crops of crops it is necessary to carry out in each economy systematic control of a maturing course on each field.
For definition of a way and term of cleaning it is necessary is differentiated to approach to each separate field and even a site.
The first early ripe grades of winter crops, poseyanny on not steam predecessors – to an eddish, sunflower, corn ripen; in 3-4 days crops grain on steam predecessors, at first on busy, and then on pure pairs ripen. Fields of irrigated winter wheat where vegetative waterings were carried out, will approach to cleaning in the last turn. With an interval in some days cleaning of summer barley will begin.
The complex of works on preparation of fields for harvesting includes alignment of field roads to avoidance of losses of grain at transportations; obkosy fields, (from forest belts where usually there is a bigger damage of crops of wheat by a bug-cherepashkoy, it is expedient to make two-three passes of the combine, and the threshed grain from these obkosov to store on a current separately. The big fields which are subject to cleaning break into allotments. Each field and the sites allocated on it follows opaxat with a view of fire-prevention safety.
During cleaning it is necessary to watch strictly that different in quality and to destination grain didn’t mix up at thresh, transportations and it was not depersonalized on a current during its preprocessing.
Ways of harvesting
Grain grains and some other cultures clean applying two ways of cleaning – single-phase or a direct kombaynirovaniye and the diphasic or separate cleaning including a skashivaniye in are shaky with the subsequent their selection and obmoloty.
The direct kombaynirovaniye should be the basic of a sposobomuborka of crops of grain crops.
In such a way clean crops completely ripened, pure from weeds, and also izrezhenny and undersized on a low cut.
Direct kombaynovy cleaning is high-efficiency, saves work and fuel, reduces losses. However, it gives big economic effect only in case steblesty dry, completely ripened and not littered.
To clean in such a way begin, when about 80-90 % of stalks reach full ripeness, and humidity of grain makes 14-18 %. It is necessary to mow low – about 15 cm, and the undersized and polegly corn – not above 10 see.
The important positive point of a direct kombaynirovaniye is big period of operation of the combine in the field. Fast drying of plants on a root from night dews gives the chance to begin work in the morning at 1-1,5 o’clock earlier, and to finish it at 0,5-1 o’clock later, than at selection of wolves at separate cleaning in the evening. Costs of lots cleaning after intake of grain on a current are almost identical – both after a direct kombaynirovaniye, and after separate cleaning.
Optimum for carrying out a direct kombaynirovaniye of grain grains of cultures time period – after approach on this field of full ripeness, duration of its 7-8 days.
At restanding plants possibly decrease in a crop at the expense of grain loss from an ear and an oblamyvaniye of ears, starts to decrease mass of 1000 grains, nature and a steklovidnost., i.e. productivity decreases and quality of grain worsens. Misconduct of carrying out harvesting in optimum agronomical terms leads to grain losses from 10 % to 50 %.
Separate sposobomubirayut first of all non-uniformly ripening cultures inclined to drowning or an osypaniye, and also the littered crops. Separate cleaning begin in a phase of wax ripeness which it is possible to determine by the following elementary signs: the ear yellow or brown, grain loses elasticity, contents of grain are hardly squeezed out from a cover and it is easy, as wax, roll down in a ball.
For separate cleaning fields with such indicators are most suitable: with average height of a stalk, with density not less than 230-300 stalks on square meter. Should be shaky uniform on width and the thickness, the most acceptable their thickness 20-25 see. Stalks in wolves should settle down parallel to the line of movement of a harvester or under a small (10-300) corner to it.
At separate cleaning leave quite high eddish that lying on it are shaky well were aired. Besides height of a cut choose so that the eddish well supported is shaky. Unduly high it is bent under its weight. The following height of a cut is recommended: 10-15 cm at hlebosty 40-80 cm; 15-18 cm at 80-120 cm; 20-25 cm if bread are higher 120 see.
Features of cleaning of the polegly corn
Cleaning of the polegly corn is connected with considerable difficulties and the increased losses of grain (10… 25 % and more). Productivity of cars decreases on 25… 50 %. To carry such corn without loss, it is necessary to provide lower and qualitative cut of grain weight.
Quality of a skashivaniye of the polegly corn substantially depends on the direction of movement of the unit. It is least lost grains at its movement against a poleglost and in the direction at which the poleglost of stalks is turned to the left.
On dense hlebosty harvesters are better for starting up towards to the bent ears, on the rare – across a poleglost and if it it is impossible to make, at an angle 30-450k to the prevailing direction of drowning, and at the different directions of drowning it is possible to move round. At unit movement against drowning the reel should be switched off from work, lifting in the highest situation. Counterbalancing springs should be tense so that to provide copying of reliefs of a field. The enough of cut, the it is less than grain loss, but it shouldn’t be less than 10-12 see. At smaller height it is shaky lays down on the earth, badly dries out, after rains grain in an ear quickly sprouts. To pick up the such are shaky existing sorters difficult.
For improvement of operation of the cutting device at ZhVN-6 increase speed of a knife installation on bottom to a shaft of an inclined part of a pulley in diameter of 210 mm instead of 255. In other cases cutting device alter on the two-knife.
On cleaning use an ekstsentrikovy reel. It establish in the maximum bottom situation. Grablina should be inclined on 15-30 degrees back, teeths – to pass at distance of 30-50 mm from fingers of the cutting device and a field surface. A gap between them and shneky the combine – 15 mm.
On an ekstsentrikovy reel establish additional grabliny from a spring wire 65G in diameter of 5 mm the in length of 470 mm. Their preparation curve on radius of 145 mm, one end in length of 80 mm unbend at right angle. For fastening grabliny in pipes drill on two openings at an angle 90 degrees to the basic, one – precisely in the middle, another – with shift aside on 40 mm. Into the central opening it is inserted additional grablina and through the displaced opening fastens shplinty 5 x 35 mm to a pipe. The ends of fingers grablin should be taken out forward on 230 mm, and shprengeli are displaced to the center. For this purpose in four arms and two beams of a reel drill openings in diameter 12 at distance of 90 mm from the center. Regulate an advanced reel as usual. At a skashivaniye of the grain weight beaten to the earth it is necessary, that additional grabliny the surface of the earth slightly concerned and settled down below the main. On cutting device the steblepodjemnik of the bean harvesters who have been specially made in farms establish. For harvesters with capture of 4,1 m 12-13 steblepodjemnik with capture of 6-18-20 m are necessary.
For zabivaniye prevention in mass of space between a covering of the case of a harvester and a steblepodjemnik the first steblepodjemnik establish on the 5th or 6th finger of a harvester on the right on a combine course. Socks of all should be leveled in the horizontal plane on a cord.
When cleaning polegly and dlinnostebelny cultures on all harvesters surely there should be dividers of torpedo type with regulated stebleotvodami, and in the absence of them in an economy establish the stebleotvodyashchy prutok made of round steel in diameter of 12-14 mm.
CLEANING IN UNSTABLE WEATHER
In the conditions of the increased humidity at warm weather favorable conditions for germination of grain, development of weeds, formations of a bringing are created.
For the best vymolota frequency of rotation of a drum increase against optimum na100-200 turns, and a gap between a drum and a podbarabanye reduce by 2-3 mm.
Various ways of decrease in losses in the conditions of the increased moistening are known. Among them conducting works in the shortest terms, the correct and timely application of direct and separate cleaning, careful adjustment of harvesters and threshers of combines taking into account a condition of cleaned culture and weather. In such conditions the best results show devices with two active knifes. At selection of wolves of the increased humidity gives effect application of drum-type sorters.
At a direct kombaynirovaniye of the corn – on a trellised surface of a podbarabanye, solomotryasa and sieves particles of the soil and the crushed plants stick. Weeds often hammer cutting devices. It worsens grain separation, increases losses therefore it is necessary to check surfaces of working bodies regularly.
In unstable weather the soil sticks to copying boots to eliminate sticking, a working surface of boots cover with kapron or clean without boots, on the lowered speeds.
One of ways of improvement of quality of cleaning and productivity – decrease in humidity of weight at diphasic cleaning. It can be reached, having lowered thickness and having improved structure it is shaky, in particular, having created the tonkosloyny are shaky with an ear on a surface. At a skashivaniye harvester ZhVN-6 in are shaky on a surface 30 percent of ears, and harvester ZhShN-6 – 75 percent are located.
At frequent drop-out of a precipitation are shaky slowly dry out and even sprout. Not to allow it, them overturn and stack on a dry eddish a wheel and manual rake or harvesters ZhVN-6, ZhVS-6 on which hang drum-type sorters. It is possible to use sprayer OVT-1 also. Thus its flat bell povorachivayutna 900, a corner turn in, that didn’t touch a wheel. At an angle 30-350 to a surface the air stream lifts and moves is shaky on a new place. For restriction at distance of 2-2,5 m on consoles fix a board made of a cloth of a harvester. In the lower part to it fix a corner. That the weight wasn’t blown on the ends of consoles establish a steel sheet. For a turning of strongly sprouted wolves OVT-1 equip with an additional field divider which accepts greens and raises edge it is shaky, and the stream of air moves it to a restrictive board. A stream of air it is possible to overturn are shaky any humidity.
For a turning of wolves in farms it is possible to make the adaptation consisting of a ski on which establish a reducer from harvester ZhVN-6 or others. A ski do of sheet steel in thickness of 5 mm. Via the hinge to the first shaft of a reducer fix vygruzny shnek from the SK-4 combine without a casing. The second end shneka leans about a field boot. The second shaft of a reducer via the driveshaft, a tube and the hinge incorporates to shaft of selection of capacity. Shnek connect to the hook-on device of the Belarus tractor rigid rasporny draft, for preservation of a right angle – an extension with a tractor frame. Height of installation of a reducer and the basic bearing choose such that the distance from the earth to the center of a shaft equaled 200 mm. Shnek rotates against a tractor course, lifts is shaky, stirs it and transfers on a dry eddish. A back right wheel of a tractor establish on a narrow track.
Re-equipment of harvest equipment for cleaning of the polegly, dlinnostebelny and damp corn, correctly chosen way of cleaning, rational breakdown of fields taking into account the direction of the polegly corn, the sizes of fields, and also the correct and timely adjustment of combines in operating time allow to reduce grain losses in 3 – 5 times and to increase productivity of combines.
Cleaning of the undersized, izrezhenny and littered crops of grain crops
Complexity of cleaning of such crops is that units work at such fields at insufficient and non-uniform giving of grain weight in a thresher. Because of a low cut of plants separating surfaces a deck and keys of combines are hammered by weeds and the earth. Thereof the amount of the damaged grain, its contamination increases, losses increase.
Very important at a skashivaniye of the izrezhenny and undersized corn to stack are shaky across the direction of ryadkovy crops. In this case the general losses behind a sorter decrease in 1,5… 1,8 times in comparison with a skashivaniye along the crops direction.
Steblestoi productivity 15… 20 t/hectares are better for mowing in the dual are shaky. Productivity of combines on selection of such wolves raises to 40 %, the number of passes of the combine in a shelter twice decreases that leads to economy to 30 % of fuel for 1 hectare. At reduction of quantity of selected wolves at the expense of increase in their weight grain losses are reduced, such are shaky are picked up by a sorter better. At thresh the corn double wolves better technical possibilities of threshers are used, favorable conditions for more uniform loading of working bodies of the combine and for improvement of quality obmolota are created.
Cleaning of seed crops
Due to the need of receiving high-quality seeds of DSTU-2240-93 corresponding to norms it is necessary to pay special attention to specifics of harvesting of seed-growing crops. Prior to the beginning of cleaning in each economy the plan zasypki storages of seeds of a new crop on cultures, grades and reproductions should be made.
One of the main conditions of receiving a high-grade seed material – the maximum decrease in a travmirovannost of grain. According to agrotechnical requirements the quantity droblenny in seed parties shouldn’t exceed 1 %. With increase in percent of crushing the quantity of seeds with microtraumas because they can’t be separated by clearing and sorting cars increases also. These seeds when seeding to the soil quickly grow mouldy and don’t give shoots.
The great influence on a travmirovaniye of seeds renders their humidity. It is established that seeds, both with low, and with high humidity are easily damaged therefore to clean seed crops it is necessary at optimum humidity of 16-18 %.
In order to avoid self-warming of grain and, as a result, decrease vsxozhesti seeds, it is necessary immediately, after receipt on a current, to carry out primary cleaning for the purpose of removal of weed impurity, decrease in humidity of seed lots to the konditsionny.
Harvest, cleaning and sorting cars, conveyors of all types and drying can become the reason of a travmirovaniye of seeds. It is established that on the average 70 their % are injured by the combine at thresh, to 25 % – cargo handling both cleaners and 5 % from natural factors.
It is possible to call an important factor of decrease in a travmirovannost of seeds installation of the correct operating mode of the combine and optimum adjustments of working bodies, At each regulation of the grain-harvesting car it is necessary to supervise degree of a travmirovaniye of seeds. Usually are guided by quantity of the drobleny. For this purpose from the bunker gather grain in match boxes and count up amount of drobleny grains. If in test no more than two damaged grains are revealed, a travmirovaniye consider insignificant; if 3-5 – weak; 6-8 – an average, more than 8 – strong.
Carrying out intraeconomic control of quality of cleaning of seed crops and preparation of seeds for crops, determination of percent of crushing, level and type of a travmirovannost allow to lower their travmirovaniye to 20-25 %.
It is better to apply two-drum-type combines which injure seeds, and also the combines which threshers turned out not less than 50 hectares and no more than 250 hectares less to cleaning of seed crops. New combines, with an operating time to 50ga, as a rule, injure grain much more strongly.
Parties of seeds arriving on storage should be weighed, numbered and correspond to sowing qualities and norms of operating standards. The prepared seeds take place on cultures, categories of high-quality purity, quality and with observance of the conditions providing their safety and guaranteeing against mixing with seeds of other cultures or grades. From the moment of receipt of seeds on storage systematic supervision over their temperature, humidity, a smell, color, possible appearance of wreckers is established.
That there was no damage of seeds from various adverse conditions, in burtax thermobars, metal probes in three layers of an embankment are established: in top on depth of 20-30 cm from a surface, average and at a floor. Each subsequent measurement carry out in other place, placing for this purpose thermobars in limits burta, granaries in chessboard order.
Cleaning of not grain part of a crop.
The way of cleaning of not grain part of a crop defines a combine complete set, the organization of harvest works and the main technical and economic indicators of all harvest process. At a direct and separate kombaynirovaniye use various ways of cleaning of not grain part of a crop – straw and polovy.
Kopenny texnologiyaosnovana on use of a combine harvester with a kopnitel and various solomo-harvest means.
The Kopenny technology of cleaning of not grain part the simplest, but has a number of shortcomings: doesn’t provide collecting the most valuable in the fodder relation polovy (losses make it 80-90 %) and allows big (to 35-40 %) straw losses. Besides, because of high labor input of cleaning of straw from fields terms of preparation of the soil on the crop’s eve of next year are tightened.
Line texnologiyapozvolyaet with smaller losses and high quality at the same time to clean a grain yield, straw and polovy, releasing fields for the subsequent works, export from a field together with straw of seeds of weeds increases the general standard of farming. The crushed straw, unlike integral, possesses some flowability and has big (in 2-3 times) density that considerably facilitates transport and cargo handling operations. Along with noted advantages the line technology has a number of shortcomings:
- the hinge plate on the combine of a grinder reduces replaceable productivity of combines for 20-25 %;
- operation of combines with adaptations reduces term of its service for 40 %;
- for the organization of continuous work of units a large number of tractors of a class of 14 kN and two-three carts on the combine is necessary.
Valkovy texnologiyaosnovana on application of combine harvesters with valkoobrazovatel and various solomouborochny cars for selection of wolves. Advantage of valkovy technology – the increased maneuverability of the harvest unit as a result of use of the simplified design of the combine that allows to increase its efficiency for 15-20 % and also to divide on time of operation on cleaning of grain and straw which can be cleaned at night and during the periods adverse for obmolota grains. At valkovy technology more effective organization of group use of combine harvesters with supersize cars.
The way of a utilizatsiinezernovy part of a crop by straw crushing is widely applied in production also during cleaning of grain grains of cultures with its uniform scattering across the field and the subsequent seal to the soil. This technology is recommended as more economic, as antierosion action and for improvement of soil fertility.
CLEANING OF OLIVE CULTURES
Posevyozimogo of a rape clean to straight lines kombajnirovaniemili separately. To be defined, to what sposobuotdat preference, it is necessary to analyse weather conditions, material equipment of a manufacturing economy. At a direct kombaynirovaniye seeds arrive spovyshenny humidity and for their drying it is necessary to have well adjusted sushilniykompleks. If such complex is, and crops pure from weeds, prefer a direct kombaynirovaniye.
Direct kombaynirovaniye begin at approach of a full maturity of pods on all plant at humidity of seeds of 10-15 %. Overripe seeds (humidity of 9 % and below) are showered even from reel touches. Level of yield losses when cleaning depends as well on the combine. The Field SK-5 combine which collect the rape seeds more often, a little suitable for this purpose as losses reach 10 c/GAI more. Even after sealing they sostavlyayutne less than 3-5 c/hectares. Well proved on cleaning rapsaukrainsky combines of a mass production "Lang" and "Slavutich". The Lang combine in the unit sospetsialny prefixes and devices can thresh melkosemyanny cultures, its molotilny chamber allows to separate sbolshy extent of separation grain at thresh, without allowing its travmirovaniye. The combine has highly effective system of cleaning of seeds, can carry out automatic control and regulirovaniyekachestvo obmolota.
Uvelicheniyaaktivnykh of the areas obmolota, and cleanings in Slavutich type combines also allows to apply separations effectively ixi on thresh a rape. Grain losses at thresh don’t exceed 1,5 % at productivity of combines of 9-10 kg of lots in a second. Specific weight of fuel sostavlyaetot 2,5 to 3 kg/t. The smallest losses allow combines of foreign production: Sampo, Glaas, Dominator, Bizoni other.
At dry weather zasorenyeposevy it is better to clean in the separate way. Rapsskashivayut in are shaky in a phase of flavovirent ripeness at fall of humidity of seeds to 25-30 %. Opozdaniyesoskashivany leads to considerable losses through rastreskivaniyestruchok in wolves during their vylezhivaniye. Every day semenasnizhayut eev average for 1,5-3,5 %.
The cut height at separate cleaning should bytne less than 20-25 cm that it is shaky "hung" on sternedlya airing and prosushivaniyaskoshenny weight. When using ZhVN-6 by rape skashivaniya, capture reduce half. Mow a rape by means of self-propelled mower KPS-5G (without a plyushchilka), but its central shnek partially tears off pods. Harvesters ZhNU-4, ZhRB-4.2, ZhBA-3.5 are applied also.
On picking up of wolves those are used zhekombajny with which collect grain grains of culture. But ikhobyazatelno equip with polotnyanymipodborshchik a sodny infinite tape and the PKK-5 device for melkosemyannyxkultur, all places of possible losses of seeds (fig. 1) are carefully condensed.
Wind board of a harvester narashhivaetsyana height of 30-35 cm, on manual the mechanism central shneka ahead of fingers dveelastichny plates in width of 150-160 mm fix, kotoryepodbirayut semenaizzhatka and submit them to the floating conveyor of the inclined chamber. Under keys solomotryasa establish additional aprons, kotoryesderzhivayut a straw stream therefore is fuller vymolachivayutsyasemena. The combine equip with also lateral active divider. After that condense places of possible losses of seeds.
In a point of connection of a harvester the snaklonny chamber (2) establish a canvas apron, kotoryjzakryvaet all cracks from below – between a bokovinamiya chamber and harvester windows. Canvas fix plates from dvukhmillimetrovoylistovy steel. On a junction of the inclined chamber smolotilky establish rubber slips (16). Get enough sleep semenatakzhe from under covers of the inclined chamber (15) and a reel (18) cowl, ixpo to perimeter condense porous rezinojna BF-88 glue.
For prevention of losses semyancherez survey hatches (5, 7, 10, 25, 28, 32) on covers, kotoryezakryvayut, from the inside paste porous rezinutolshhinoj4 mm. Such zherezinojuplotnyayut and covers grain and kolosovy shnekov (21, 24). Germetizuyuti other possible places of a vysypaniye of the seeds, specified in drawing 1.
To prevent a travmirovaniye them, are shaky thresh at 600 turns of drums minute, and in case of a direct kombaynirovaniye number of turns increase to 800.
Rape straw has no value, as fodder raw materials. Therefore during harvesting celesoobraznoostavlyat straw in a field and pripaxivat eekak fertilizer. In this regard rapsluchshe to thresh the combine equipped izmelchitelemsolomy.
At incessant rains and unstable weather separate cleaning leads to considerable yield losses owing to rotting of wolves, prorastaniyasemyan, rastreskivaniyastruchok in the top layers of weight at its podsykhaniye and further moistening.
Gorchitsumozhno to bring together as a direct kombaynirovaniye (at humidity of seeds of 12-14 %), and separate (at humidity of 25-30 %). To uborke its direct kombaynirovaniye it is necessary to start in polyony ripeness when seeds not only bottom, but also the top pods will get peculiar to them okrasku, become firm. To finish it it is necessary within 2-3 days. Semenagorchitsa the very small: 1-2 mm in diameter. Therefore to collect ikhmozhno only those combines which are adapted for harvesting of melkosemyanny cultures. It prakticheskivse import cars, and also modern domestic – "Slavutich" and "Lang". "Fields" and "Dony-1500" (it is necessary to equip additionally with the corresponding adaptations (PPK-5, PST-10).
The combine equip with the special adaptation which provides decrease in turns motovila, a stripe of elastic overlays for its levels, decrease in turns of a drum to 750 vminutu, fan turns, a covering a cloth of the feeding conveyor, installation of zernoulovitel from the field party of a heder, and also a protective apron at a window of the reception chamber.
The converted combine gives high quality of cleaning of mustard, losses and crushing of seeds decrease, high purity of seeds in the bunker is reached.
At separate cleaning mustard mow with ZhVN-6 type harvesters on high speed; thus the reel should bytv extreme top situation and not take almost uchastiyav to work: it should push gradually only mass of stalks, but not otbivatot them pods. The selection of wolves is carried out in 3-4 days after a skashivaniye in earlier time of day to avoid loss of seeds through cracking of pods. Mustard solomuluchshe all to crush and leave in the field.
Flax maslichnyjubirayut in a phase of complete maturing of boxes which by this time get yellow-brown coloring and start to publish characteristic "rattling" noise. Seeds by this time become firm, brilliant, freely move in boxes. Cleaning conduct grain combines at the hottest o’clock of days. Seeds of flax it is very fluid, therefore it is necessary to pay the most close attention of sealing of combines and the transport bringing from a field on a current seeds. On a current seeds immediately clear of impurity and lead up them to humidity of 8 %. They are stored by an embankment in height no more than 50-70 see.
Podsolnechnikubiraetsya in a phase of its technical ripeness when at 90 % of plants of a basket dry (yellow-brown), and humidity of seeds decreased do18-16 %. At non-uniform maturing and cloudy weather on crops of sunflower it is necessary to carry out a desikatsiya magnesium chlorate (20 kg on hectare) or a raglan (2-3 l on hectare) to a phase of a pozhelteniye of baskets when humidity of seeds is in limits of 30-25 %. Cleaning is carried out by grain combines with adaptations PSP-4, G1S11-8 at speed of movement of the combine about 6 km/h. The threshed seeds on a current are necessary for clearing urgently of impurity and to dry to humidity of 7-8 %.
Century Pashtetsky, L.Radchenko, A.Prikhodko, K.Zhenchenko, N. Saenko, V. Ivanov, Village Salyga, E.Astapova – the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production, T.Kozlov, E.Rybachenko – the Klepininsky agrometeorological station.