In L.Demidova’s article, doctors of veterinary sciences it is told about one of widespread diseases – mastitis of cows, its reasons of emergence.
Advice is given: how to carry out mastitis diagnostics by means of a preparation mastidina, methods of the prevention and mastitis treatment.
Disease of cows mastitis not rarity. Even in a small economy where each animal on a look, under supervision, completely from this illness of a cow aren’t insured. Milk of the cow sick with mastitis, isn’t necessary in food.
Mastitis REASONS mnogo. Sometimes it voznikaet because of the illness which even not hasn’t been connected with a mammary gland, for example because of an endometritis. Porodivyoshiye his pathogenic microorganisms with a current of blood can get into an udder and cause its voyospaleniye. The reason of this disease can become and an udder trauma, sometimes even a malozametyony wound. Mastitis can appear and because of an udder pereyookhlazhdeniye, esli, for example, in a korovyonik is cold, constant drafts walk, and the cow lays down on a hoyolodny floor.
Usually it is easy to distinguish milk of a mastitny cow: in it is mute clots, pus and even blood – it is a sign of an obvious kliniyochesky form of mastitis. But exists also the hidden, subklinicheyosky form. In it sluchae you won’t see in moloke any changes, they are shown, only if to apply speyotsialny preparations – diagnostikumy.
I advise to use a domestic preparation – 10 percent solution mastidina, it obyazatelyyono should be in your veterinary first-aid kit. For diagnostics it is necessary to gather one milliliter of milk (these are 20 drops) from a bucket, to pour out in a stoyolovy spoon or a blyudyoets, to add to it ravyony quantity mastidina (too one millilitr) to mix a dereyovyanny stick. If milk remained without izyomeneniye – means, the cow is healthy, if prevratilos in jelly – the animal is sick with mastitis, and the jelly, the silyyony inflammation of an udder is more dense.
Mastitis diagnostics with the help mastidina nado to carry out not less often than once a week. Not lenites, don’t neglect simple procedure, and it will relieve you from where big efforts.
One more reception of its opredeyoleniye – sdaivayony the first streams moloka in a mug with a dark guyosty strainer. If you don’t have it, use any small capacity, having fixed on it a black fabric. Only not gauze or muslin (they friable) and not too dense, for example chintz. Milk from a healthy cow will pass through a fabric, without having left any appreciable osadka. But if a cow porazhena even an initial stayodiya of mastitis, on a black fabric will settle flakes, clots. Immediately nachinajte treatment!
HOW to LOWER an opasyonost of penetration of boyoleznetvorny mikrooryoganizm, including cherez nipples in an udder?
First of all, provodite premilking obrabotku udder. You should have a bucket with warm voyody, which you with pomoshhyu fabrics (for a kazhyody cow a separate fabric!) will wash it. A bucket use only for this purpose and for any another! Water should be indispensable warm, at all cold, differently riskuete to overcool vymya. Besides the cold brakes molokootdachu: the hoyozyayka starts to milk korovu, the milk allowance still isn’t present, and mechanical impact on a mammary gland already goes. It is possible to put traumas even at manual milking, not to mention the mashinyony. Warm water sozdaet for an animal more comfortable conditions.
Premilking massage of an udder is obligatory. Obyomyli, dried it, after that at least in teyocheny 30 seconds provedite massage. Here it is necessary vosproizvesti movements a teyolenka. The kid in a mouth of dummies of mother also strikes a beret the head, and at a cow return moloka at once begins. It is necessary to you oxvatit a towel a kazhyody nipple, to push him up and by that to strengthen a reflex molokootdachi.
Premilking disinfection of nipples 0,3 – 0,5 percent rastvoyory a preparation EMS-Y (a look And), which ispolzuyut instead of water is useful to an udder obyomyvaniye. When milking don’t allow breakthroughs not to put a trauma mucous obolochke nipples (if it is sharp tyanut, can occur its microgaps).
After milking on konchike the dummy remains a milk drop, and mamillar otveryosty is still opened from poluchasa till two o’clock. Through weakened a sfinkter microbes which naxodyatsya on skin and in ostavshejsya to a dairy drop, move to soskovomu to the channel. One settle on its mucous obolochke, others get in an udder.
I advise at once after milking to carry out a dezinyofektsiya of nipples. For this purpose is special preparaty. "Vetpreparata’s" plant in Gus Hrustalyyonom lets out one-chloride iodine and an antiseptiyochesky emulsion. The same means is suitable for processing of nipples after milking EMS-Y (a look And), offers it ETRIS firm (Torzhok to the Tver region). Such processing is important very much in profilaktike mastitis of cows during the laktatsionny period.
For processing of nipples prepare 1 percent solution of one-chloride iodine (1 milliliter on 100 milliliters of water) or 3 – 5 percent EMS solution – And (a look And) (one chayyony spoon on 100 millilitrov waters). Lower a nipple for two-three seconds in capacity with a dezrastvor then the processed nipples don’t wipe to the following doyka.
All nipples dezinficiruyutsya in capacity with the same solution. For several cows solution don’t change. But for a dezinyofektsiya in the following doyeyony it is necessary prigotovit a new portion of a rasyotvor, that it not poteryal for the activity.
WHEN WILL COME vremya start of a cow, sledite behind her udder on a proyotyazheniye of all neobkhodiyomy time (about two months). Time in two weeks I recommend to examine and palpate it. Will notice reddening, will see that an udder uvelichilos in volume – provedite trial milking. From a "poyodozrevayemy" quarter stand a portion of milk and look, what it. In the first half suxostoya (the first month after start) at healthy korovy milk liquid, without a color izyomeneniye, without xlopev. If are available xlopya – for a cow mastitis. It is necessary for treating.
Continue a nablyudeyoniya and on the second month of a dead wood, see off konyotrolny doyka. By this time instead of peregoyorevshy milk in an udder so nazyvayoemy secret is formed. It nemnogo, 3-5 milliliters, on density it reminds medical. And if, sdoiv a secret, you find out that it seyorovaty color, and on a konyosistentsiya not medoobrazny, liquid – it priznaki mastitis which is necessary for beginning lechit. Each time before medicine input is necessary for melting a secret completely (but not on a floor), differently action of a preparation will be insufficiently efyofektivny.
After otela cows nado to check a colostrum condition. It is more yellow and is more dense some milk as in it is mute more proteins and zhirov. The Molozivny period lasts 5-7 days, after chego usual, classical milk is formed. To check a colostrum kacheyostvo, pour in a test tube of 10-15 milliliters and put for an hour per the refrigerator. If during this time it isn’t stratified – colostrum dobrokachestvenyony if in a test tube layers are formed – the cow is sick with mastitis. Such colostrum is impossible vypaivat for a calf!
Often the newborn at once admit to mother, without having checked a colostrum kacheyostvo, and at malysha, the got drunk mastitny colostrum, nachinaetsya a diarrhea. Only ubedivshis that the cow is healthy, colostrum normal, nachinajte vypaivat to his calf.
FOR TREATMENT of the cows who have fallen ill with mastitis, apply preparations on the basis of antibiotics. Kayokiye – to you podskazhet vetvrach, but know that for sukhostoyny perioda and the lactation period they different. For treatment of laktiruyushchy cows primenyayut preparations with shorter term a vyvedeyoniya of the remains of lekarstvenyony substances from organizma. Otherwise you can’t vypaivat to a calf molozivo or milk, poskolku in is mute will soderzhatsya the remains antibiotikov. To choose a leyokarstvo it is necessary with a wide range antimikrobnogo actions as you don’t know, which payotogenny microorganism caused mastitis.
To carry out treatment mozhet the mistress of a cow if will seriously treat this business. Choosing preparat, it is attentive izuchite the instruction on its application, especially information on terms of its removal from an organism. At a cow, both laktiruyushchy, and being in start, before input of a leyokarstvo it is necessary to milk dry tshchayotelno a sick quarter, and then a nipple tip prodezinficirovat in a dezrastvor or 70 percent alcohol. The import preparations packaged in odnorayozovy syringes, enter into the mamillar canal through a kayoteter of a syringe, and if ispolzuetsya a glass syringe, medicine vvodite through kanyulyu a syringe. That a preparation raspredelilsya in an udder, carry out massage from below up along a nipple.
Laktiruyushchim to cows is best of all to enter preparat after an evening doyoeniye. Certainly, provodya treatment, is strict soblyudajte the instruction on application of a lekarstvenyony preparation and terms of rejection of milk.
(On magazine materials Priusadebnoye an economy).