Formation of natural fertility of the soil depends on an orientation of the microbiological processes proceeding in a rizosfer of plants. The simplest and reliable way of management of these processes consists in a preseeding inokulyatsiya of seeds of cereal cultures biological products of the microorganisms, capable to raise an azotfiksatsiya in a rizosfer of plants, to protect their root system from influence of phytopathogens and to promote transfer of almost insoluble phosphates of the soil to a form available to plants.
Scientists of branch of institute developed biological products, their list, properties, the way of storage and application is provided by authors in the publication.
PREPARATIONS of ASSOCIATIVE MICROORGANISMS UNDER WHEAT, RICE AND BARLEY
Preparations of associative microorganisms under wheat, rice and barley
Process of formation of natural fertility of the soil considerably depends on an orientation of the microbiological processes proceeding in a rizosfer of plants. The simplest and reliable way of management of these processes consists in a preseeding inokulyatsiya of seeds of cereal cultures biological products of the associative microorganisms, capable to raise an azotfiksatsiya in a rizosfer of plants, to protect their root system from influence of phytopathogens and to promote transfer of almost insoluble phosphates of the soil to a form available to plants. It promotes improvement of a food of plants, increase of their immune status and the general physiological condition that as a result is expressed by increase of a biomass of plants and their grain efficiency.
In branch the corresponding biological products are developed: diazofit – raising an associative azotfiksatsiya rizosfer of plants, FMB – promoting transfer of almost insoluble phosphates of the soil in usvoyaemy a form and BSP plant – a bioprotector protecting plants from phytopathogens with efficiency of action at level fundazola and a maxim. These preparations are well compatible with each other and can be used in a complex.
Long-term tests of the specified biological products showed their efficiency in different areas of Ukraine. Application of preparations raises a grain yield of cultures on 6,5 – 13,9 %, and use of their complex to 25 % (see the table).
Efficiency of a preseeding inokulyatsiya of seeds of grain crops biological products
Note: a complex of preparations – a mix diazofita, FMB and BSP.
Way of storage and application of biological products
Now biological products of associative microorganisms are made mainly in a gelny form, in the form of viscous yellowy-brown liquid, well soluble in water. Microbic ekzopolisaxaridy carry out a role of a prilipatel that excludes need of his additional use. Hectare norm of a preparation of 100 g, period of storage 2 months.
Processing of seeds (inokulyatsiya) is made by biological products in day of crops. The seeds processed by biological products should be protected from direct sunshine and an overheat. Preseeding processing of seeds can be carried out manually or the mechanized way, excepting influence yadoximikatov on biological products.
For processing of seeds of wheat, barley or rice, at the rate of 10 hectare portions, take 1 l of a preparation, dissolve in 9-10 liters of tap water and put on seeds.
For processing of seeds (on 10 hectares) a complex of preparations (diazofit + BSP+FMB) each of them take on the 1st liter, is dissolved by all together in 7 liters of water and put on seeds.
At manual processing (inokulyatsiya) the necessary quantity of seeds distribute on canvas or an equal platform under a canopy and put solution of preparations. Then seeds mix before uniform distribution of a preparation to surfaces of seeds. Within an hour seeds absorb moisture, their flowability is restored and they are ready to sowing. Crops should be carried out to the damp soil.
The mechanized processing of seeds by a biological product can be carried out by cars for protravlivaniye PSSh-3, PS-10 and others on the technology similar with a protravlivaniye.