Monitoring of a condition of technical and technological support of branch of dairy animal husbandry is given in Ukraine.
The separate types of the equipment making park of milking equipment, her producers are noted.
The purpose of this review – monitoring of a condition of technical and technological support of branch of dairy animal husbandry in Ukraine.
Now Ukraine contains 900 thousand cows. Last year from each of them bothered on 2800 kg of milk that on 300 kg it is more in comparison with 2004. The tendency to reconstruction available and to construction of new dairy farms on principax perspective production technologies of milk was outlined.
In JSC Bratslav of Vinnytsia region the modern set an oborudovayoniya is developed for the besprivyazny maintenance of cows into which structure enter: a protection of boxes and a protection of a fodder table without fixing; a protection of a fodder table with fixing; the combined boxes; a protection of groups of cows and runs for cattle; group drinking bowls. According to demands equipment OSK-25 is made for the fastened contents also.
In Ukraine not enough attention give to manufacturing of polymeric materials for the device of floors of boxes and stalls whereas on farms of countries of Western Europe with the developed dairy cattle breeding these coverings were widely adopted.
The SV-1 machine intended for individual fixing of cattle is developed for carrying out zooveterinary operations in JSC Bratslav. Analyzing a current state of the contents and KRS service in the countries with the developed animal husbandry, attracts attention a variety of the equipment for the organization of convenient conditions of a soyoderzhaniye and service of animals.
Many European firms offer the various synthetic, polymeric pressed materials made usually of industrial wastes, rubber mattresses for a covering of a floor of boxes, etc. Considerable interest causes small-sized power means with the equipment for introduction of a laying and heating of forages in a zone of feeding of a fodder table – development of German firm Holaras. It is necessary to tell also about a mini-equipment set for cleaning of floors of the cattle-breeding rooms, offered by Jydeland firm (Denmark).
In Ukraine certain motions in development and introduction in production of the equipment for the contents and service of cows are observed. However it demands manufacturing improvement of quality with use of qualitative metals and polymeric materials and performance of engineering procedures.
In dairy animal husbandry it is considered one of the main processes milking of cows. In the general costs of production of milk its share makes about 70 %. On farms of Ukraine now use some systems of the organization of milking, basic of which milking in stalls, in milking halls, in the conditions of summer camps and pastbishh.
The most part of a livestock of cows contains on a leash in stalls. Taking into account it, 80 % of park of milking equipment make those installations which are intended for milking of cows in a milking bucket, UDB-100 type, 17 % – installations of the type UDM-50, UDM-100 and UDM-200 and 3 % – the Tandem UDT-8 installations platforms and UDK-16 "Fir-tree". Besides, in Ukraine such installations of individual milking of cows are developed: UDF.00.000, UID-20, UDP-1, AD-1001.
Leading foreign firms developed and let out the modern automated and computerized milking installations platforms. In the conditions of an isyopolzovaniye of milking halls they promote increase in a dairy produkyotivnost of cows, improvement of their physiological condition, create favorable an uloviya for receiving milk, essentially facilitate working conditions and reduce them zatraty on production of a unit of production.
Recently in a number of the European countries began to apply the robotized milking systems which provide process of milking of cows without participation of the person.
Milk preprocessing – is a complex of operations which carry out with a svezhenadoyenny product in an economy to keep its quality and predupredit loss of specific properties, turning sour. Engineering procedure predusmatrivaet performance of such operations: reception of milk and accounting of its quantity; cooling and kratyokovremenny storage before transportation on processing enterprise. Oxlazhdat milk is necessary right after milking to temperature 4 … 10°S. Now in Ukraine milk tanks coolers serially don’t let out. The OMB milk cooler – 1-01 is developed JSC Agromash Plant, Kiev. However serial release of this equipment isn’t adjusted. The capacity of its tank – 1000 l, has a mixer with a drive, electric equipment from sisyotemy automatic equipment.
At test of a cooler of OMB milk – 1-01, it is established: duration of cooling from 31 to 40S at ambient temperature 25°S and filling of capacity of the tank for 50 % makes 2,3 hours that corresponds normativam (not> 3 hours).
In developed countries let out tanks coolers of a wide range emkosti. For example, the Italian firm Frigomilkvypuskaet coolers with direct cooling in capacity from 100 to 16000 liters. The electronic block operates cooler work.
In Ukraine there is an urgent problem in development and introduction in production of modern domestic tanks for direct cooling of milk by an emyokost of 500-10000 l taking into account experience of the leading firms of Europe.
(On Propozits_ya magazine materials).