Article acquaints readers with methods of fight against salinity of soils on fields of the Crimea.
Third part of the farmland of the Crimea, more than 616 thousand
The third part of the farmland of the Crimea, more than 616 thousand hectares, is located on solonets and solonetzic soils. On the raised sites of a sea terrace there are solonets meadow saline, and in the most raised its part the meadow small and average saline already prevail. On a strip of the Prisivashsky lowland adjacent to a terrace they are replaced by solonets the deep and average solonchakovaty.
At height of 3-5 m above sea level there are chestnut and meadow solonetzic glubokosolonchakovy soils, and at height of 5-7 m the meadow and steppe complexes consisting of meadow-chestnut strong and srednesolontsevaty soils, soloncov saline and meadow-chestnut osolodely soils are formed. In process of lifting of the Prisivashsky lowland to 7-12 m above sea level they pass to complexes of dark-chestnut solonetzic soils, soloncov solonchakovaty and glubokosolonchakovaty, meadow-chestnut soils zapadin. Within raised Prisivashya (12-17 m) the steppe complexes including dark-chestnut solonetzic soils and solonets glubokosolonchakovy are located. They are replaced with peripheries of the Prisivashsky lowland by slabosolontsevaty dark-chestnut and chernozem soils.
In a southwest part of the Kerch Peninsula chernozems solonetzic prevail. In the foothill steppe they are dated for exits Sarmatian glin. In river valleys and lower reaches of the rivers, along with not salted soils, inundated soils with various degree of a zasoleniye and a solontsevatost are widespread.
The greatest areas in the Crimea occupy dark-chestnut solonetzic soils and their complexes with solonets (194,9 thousand hectares), meadow-chestnut solonetzic and their complexes with solonets (137,5 thousand) chernozems solonetzic and chernozems southern solonetzic (131,4 thousand), solonets meadow and meadow and steppe (94.6 thousand, hectare).
The more sodium and magnesium the soil contains, the its adverse properties called by a solontsevatost are more strongly shown. Solontsa Kryma have bad chemical and agrophysical properties, low natural fertility.
Solonetzic soils of the Crimea share on two groups. Subjects of agrobiological land improvement concern the first, their about 120 thousand hectares. The mineralized ground waters lie in them more deeply than 2 m, and carbonates of calcium or plaster are in the basic on depth 25-55 see. On these soils carry out plantazhny plowing at which carbonates of calcium or plaster mix up with a solonetzic layer and there is "self-land improvement" soloncov, thanks to replacement of the absorbed sodium by calcium. Then vyseivayut cultures ameliorants, for example, a lucerne, the tributary, mustard, a beet and others, apply organic and mineral fertilizers in the raised doses. In the subsequent they become suitable for cultivation of the majority of cultures.
The second group is the soils needing chemical land improvement. Their about 360 thousand hectares. These are solonets and their complexes with a zaleganiye of carbonates of calcium or plaster are deeper 65 see. Such soils demand introduction fosfogipsa as ameliorant, a dose from 5 t/hectares.
A.VINNIK, chief of Republican station of chemical protection.