In this article diseases and wreckers who should be expected on crops of winter crops during the autumn and winter period are listed. Also concrete recommendations about fight against them are provided.
Recommendations
and the corresponding recommendations about protection of crops of winter grain crops in agricultural enterprises of the Crimea
Essential threat during the autumn and winter period for winter crops is represented by such wreckers, as the grain ground beetle, myshevidny rodents; from diseases: the root decayed, mealy dew, a brown sheet rust.
At autumn inspection of the fields occupied with winter crops, settling by the grain ground beetle is noted now everywhere, especially on fields, where they poseyany on sternevy predecessors. Larvae of the ground beetle eat shoots winter generally at night, at a temperature mode from 0oS and above. The damage rate of crops depends on number and age of larvae, nature of settling and weather conditions. The damaged leaves have an izmochalenny appearance and are turned into shapeless lumps of fibers. Populated fields izrezhivayutsya, appear "pleshiny".
At steady fall of temperature to 0oS and below a larva stop to eat and move for wintering to deeper layers of earth. Larvae of 2 and 3 age winter generally. In warm winters they continue to damage plants at soil temperature above 0oS.
Weather conditions of this period are favorable for development and realization maximum biopotenciala the grain ground beetle. During this period the wrecker is revealed in farms Krasnogvardeysky, May Day, Nizhnegorsky, Soviet, Black Sea and other areas where number of the wrecker is quite high. In this regard it is necessary for all heads of the enterprises of all forms of ownership to conduct quickly universal survey of shoots of winter grain crops. The special attention should be turned on that field, where winter poseyany on sternevy predecessors. And at EPV (an economic threshold of injuriousness) 0,5-1 pieces/sq.m.
To hold protective events follows on shoots Bazudin’s preparations of 600 century e. at norm of an expense 1,5-1,8½/hectare, Diazinon k.e.-1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Diazol 60 century e.-1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Parachute 450 mk.s. 0,5-0,75 l/hectares, Practician k.e.-1,5-1,8 l/hectares.; on vegetation: Damascus century e.-1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Nurell D k.e.-0,75-1,0 l/hectares, Dragoon k.e.-1,2 l/hectares, Fostran k.e.-1,5½/hectare, Cyclone k.e. – 0,1-0,15 l/hectares.
In recent years number and injuriousness of larvae of grain bugs, provolochnik, caterpillars podgryzayushchy a scoop which can damage from 20 to 50 % of plants increased.
At establishment of number of caterpillars winter scoops of 2-3 pieces/sq.m, crops in a phase are necessary for processing "shoots-kushcheniye" selectively or vsploshny. Are most effective against a scoop of a mix of fosfororganichesky and piretroidny preparations, in polovinny doses with addition of 3-4 kg/hectares of urea.
Chemical protection winter in a phase shoots – a kushcheniye is carried out at EPV: a cereal plant louse – 50-150 pieces/sq.m, flea beetles – 30-50 pieces/sq.m, tsikadki-150 pieces/sq.m, BI-58 New k.e. 1,5 l/hectares, decis forte k.e. 0,05-0,08 l/hectares, zolon k.e. 1,5 l/hectares, kinmiks k.e. 0,2 l/hectares, etc. cereal flies – 40-50 on 100 waves a net. In the presence of these wreckers of processing it is expedient to combine with protective measures against the grain ground beetle above-mentioned preparations.
At daily average temperature of 13-14 wasps and above probably active settling of winter crops by a cereal plant louse and tsikadka – carriers of virus diseases. At the plants struck with viruses winter hardiness will decrease considerably and, finally, they can be lost during the spring period.
On shoots, at present, as a result of warm weather, individual manifestation root gnily is noted, the physiological pozhelteniye of the sheet device of winter barley is observed.
For improvement of plants and the soil, in the presence of an infection and establishment of a temperature mode + 7 wasps – +8oS, we recommend to carry out processings by a preparation Fundazol of 50 % of-0.5 kg/hectares. At temperature +14-+16oS preparations: Impakt 25 % of page of the item, Alto-super of 33 % k.e., Amistar Extra 280 k.s., Derozal k.s. Rex of 49 % k.e., Tilt 250 k.e. -0,5 l/hectares (these preparations of a wide range of action, that is are applied against a complex of diseases).
Weather conditions favorably affect now development of the myshevidny rodents which number on fields taken with long-term herbs and late propashny cultures makes 2-3 stake/hectare. In this regard, the problem of protection winter from rodents becomes aggravated. House, kurganchikovy and steppe mice are most widespread.
In this regard it is necessary to carry out systematically inspections of crops and at EPV 2-3 a stake/hectare, 7-10 inhabited holes/hectares to apply the following preparations: Rodenfos 3gr. in a hole, Rat death 10-30 gr. in a hole, Brodisan And 3 gr. in a hole, Varat of G 5-10 gr. in a hole, Wetar 15 gr. in a hole of Stutoks 5-10¬ú/hectare, and other preparations according to the list ….
In due time to process crops of winter crops against mice, the Republican station of protection of plants according to demands of agricultural enterprises adjusted production of a biological product "Baktorodentsid".
The biological method is safest for the person. It is based on artificial infection of rodents with the bacteria causing epidemic of typhus, being transferred from an individual to an individual. Baktorodentsid it is possible to apply at any time years at temperature from a minus 250S to plus 100S. The death of mice comes in 7-10 days.
The warm damp autumn was favorable for development of diseases grain – mealy dew, a brown sheet rust, septorioza, gelmintosporioza. The probability of development of diseases especially will amplify in case of crops by not pickled seeds.
In the phase "kushcheniye" winter in the presence of an infection it is necessary to revitalize crops with the following preparations: Alto super k.e. 0,4-0,5 l/hectares, derozal k.s. 0,5 l/hectares, reks k.s. 0,4-0,6 l/hectares, fundazol page of item of 0,5-0,6 kg/hectares and others.
Regular inspections and timely protection of the winter will prevent complication of a fytosanitory condition of crops and will promote their successful rewintering and preservation of a crop of 2007.
To heads of farms of all forms of ownership who have no agriculturists on protection of plants, we suggest to address to specialists of service of protection of plants of the republican and regional device who can render both methodical, and the practical help in protection of future crop from harmful organisms.
(contact phones of GOSSTAZR of ARK of t. 63-25-79, 63-25-78).
V. Permyakov, chief of the State station of protection of plants of AR Crimea, L.Alekseev, main agriculturist.