In this article the role of cultivation of a soya for a solution of the problem of an agrarian science in increase of food capacity of the country is noted. The agroprocessing methods promoting receiving non-polluting vegetable protein are listed.
A soya – the most important albuminous and olive culture of world value
Soya – the most important albuminous and olive culture of world value. Its seeds contain on the average 37-42 % of protein, 19-22 % of oil and to 30 % of carbohydrates; the vegetative weight cleaned in a phase naliva of beans, is protein-rich (16-18 %), carbohydrates and vitamins. On aminokislotny structure the protein of a soya is close to protein of eggs, and oil belongs to legkousvoyaemy, contains the fat acids which are not developed by an organism of animals and the person. Thanks to a rich and various chemical composition the soya is widely used as a food, fodder and commercial crop. It hasn’t equal in this regard.
Special value for the solution of problems of an agrarian science has increase of food capacity of the country by increase in production of the vegetable protein which source is the soya. Its cultivation in the Crimea where there are for this purpose all necessary climatic conditions, should be directed on use of the processing methods promoting energy saving and a resursosberezheniye and during too time, to receiving non-polluting vegetable protein.
Indispensable condition of receiving potentially high, non-polluting grain of a soya is:
– Minimalizatsiya of processing of the soil: combination at its cultivation of preseeding processing of the soil, application of fertilizers, crops and a prikatyvaniye.
– use of ways of processing of the soil, herbicides excluding application with use of more perfect workers of bodies (rotational, cutting, powdering).
– improvement of zyablevy and spring processing of the soil, allowing to provoke germination of seeds of weed plants.
– application of the 2-3rd multiple boronovaniye by average harrows during soya vegetation (reception provides with this an increase of a crop of 4,2 c/hectares).
– strain application rizotorfina M8 for cultivated in a zone of the South of Ukraine of grades of the soya, promoting receiving on an irrigation of 30,0 c/hectares of beans.
The studied new elements of technology of cultivation of a soya define possibility of forecasting of productive process of its cultivation with use of saved-up information on skilled data, and communication established between separate agrotechnical factors and use of methods of active regulation by processes of formation of a crop promotes receiving in the main crops 3-5, poukosny 2,0-2,3, in pozhnivny 1,6-1,8 t/hectares and by that to increase in production of animal husbandry.
E.Turin, candidate of agricultural sciences, senior research associate of laboratory of plant growing and kormoproizvodstvo of the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN.