Article is devoted to the analysis of various positive characteristics of green fertilizers which are identical to organic fertilizer. In it it is told about application of green fertilizers (sideratov), as about a cheap and available way of increase of productivity of crops and improvements of all properties of the soil.
Article is intended for experts and farmers of the agroindustrial production, aspiring to receive more big crops of various grain and forage crops.
To vegetarian food recently it is even more often preferred in many countries
To vegetarian food recently it is even more often preferred in many countries. Further it can lead to that live stock products will be required ever less, and it means that the number of producers of manure will be reduced. What becomes replacement? Only green fertilizers are identical to traditional organic fertilizer. Green fertilizer is widely used in many countries of the world as intermediate cultures. And only on strongly exhausted soils, and also on the sites removed on considerable distance from cattle-breeding farms, apply independent crops of many cultures on green fertilizer.
For fertility increase
At a lack of manure and others organic fertilizer, or on fields with a low okulturennost of the soil to increase of their fertility apply green fertilizers. Application sideratov – cheap and available reception of increase of productivity of crops and improvement of all properties of the soil. Besides it is easier to deliver them to a site.
Siderata are the crops which have been grown up on green material with the subsequent seal in the soil yet of not died off green, juicy, partially odrevesnevshy plants, rich with sugars, starch, protein, vitamins and enzymes, and also the roots of plants still functioning up the time of processing of the soil. It essentially distinguishes green fertilizer from seal to the soil of other organic fertilizers, dry (straw) and partially rerotting (manure).
To explain, than essentially sideraty differ from other organic fertilizers, it is possible on an example of mustard, vyseyanny after cleaning, for example, winter wheat. If mustard will close up to the soil in the autumn, when it still green, not damaged by frosts, this green fertilizer. If the same mustard leave in the field till spring as it is, and in its spring, chilled, will close up to the soil, it will be simply organic fertilizer, however, doubtful quality.
On green fertilizer use bean plants on which roots there live the klubenkovy bacteria more often, capable to fix nitrogen of air and to enrich with it the soil. Udobritelnoye on the force doesn’t concede action of green material of bean cultures to manure.
Are usually used long-term and annual lupines, seradella, the tributary, winter and summer Vick, fodder beans, peas, a pelyushka, a rank, lentil, esparcet, different types of a clover, a lucerne, etc. From not bean cultures interest is represented mustard, grexicha, by oats, a radish olive, a winter and summer rape, a winter rye, a fatseliya, sunflower, etc.
The layer of a green grass carries out some functions at the same time: keeps moisture, protects the soil from a water and wind erosion, suppresses growth of weeds, but only annual, prevents formation of a soil crust, feeds up a cultural plant at the expense of gradual decomposition of an organic material, creates favorable conditions for activity of earthworms.
From superfluous quantity of green material of sideralny cultures it is possible to prepare good high-quality compost which according to the characteristics doesn’t concede to humus …
At exhaustion of the soil and poor harvests to the aid come EM-tekhnologii (effective microorganisms) which application essentially increases fertility of the soil and crops for one season.
Usually sideralny cultures sow in the summer and in the autumn. In the rest of the time the soil contain under black steam. Summer crops of herbs (June-July) with a plowing in their autumn give a positive effect in damp summer or at a garden irrigation. In not irrigated gardens of the South of a grass sow in the autumn (September-October) more often, under winter and plow in the spring. In young gardens at sufficient security with water on poor a humus soils sideraty sow in the spring, and close up in the summer.
For summer crops in the southern areas sow mustard white, a lupine, to Vick, a buckwheat, peas, for autumn crops (winter sideraty) – a pelyushka, to Vick winter.
It is necessary to sow and plow so
Norm of seeding of seeds of sideralny cultures for 20-30 % more than same cultures in field husbandry. If the soil dried out, depth of seal should be increased by 1-3 cm in comparison with accepted for each culture.
Wrap up sideraty in a flowering phase, when a crop of green material the greatest. Before a plowing of a grass mow, then plow on depth of 18-22 cm in the southern strip. The herbs left for the winter carry out function of kulisny plants and accumulate snow.
In quality sideratov with success it is possible to use weed plants. To the middle of summer the soil contain under black steam, and then give the chance to row-spacings to grow with weeds. In this case green material wrap up before insemination of weed plants.
Siderata stop washing away of nutrients out of limits of a korneobitayemy layer, pump over food elements from the deep horizons of the soil in the top layer. Herbs of family of the bean enrich the soil with nitrogen as possess ability to acquire atmospheric nitrogen. Important that in a year of introduction efficiency plants of nitrogen of green fertilizer almost twice more than manure nitrogen.
Humus it is very favorable
Siderata also promote humus accumulation in the soil which improves its properties. It promotes intensive development of useful soil microflora. The biomass of root systems of grassy plants carries out an important role of enrichment of the soil fossils in a meter layer annually from 8 to 25 t/hectares.
Green fertilizer, first of all, enriches the soil with nitrogen and organic substance. On hectare of an arable land plow to 35-45 tons of the organic weight containing 150-200 kg of nitrogen. Green fertilizer in the soil decays much quicker, than other organic fertilizers rich with cellulose.
At a plowing of green material of plants the soil structure improves, the volume mass of an arable layer and density of addition of the soil decreases. It is very important, as negative consequences of consolidation of an arable layer of earth are liquidated by a heavy agrotechnology. As a result of a weight plowing water penetration and a soil moisture capacity considerably increases, the superficial drain of a precipitation decreases and seldom moisture content increases in the soil.
As a result activity of soil microorganisms sharply improves, the contamination of fields decreases, productivity of all cultures increases and by that soil-protective ability of a vegetative cover raises.
(On newspaper materials To Fermerska a hospodariate).