In this article wreckers and diseases which develop on vegetable cultures in the closed soil are listed. Besides, recommendations about fight against them are made.
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Specific conditions of the protected soil – it first of all, high temperature and humidity of air, sharp fluctuations of temperature during day and night time, the long vegetative period, permanent cultivation of cultures. All this favorably affects development of a complex of wreckers and diseases.
As the main wreckers and diseases of plants of a cucumber consider a web tick, tobacco and hothouse trips, the hothouse whitefly, gallovy nematodes, mealy dew, white and root decayed, peronosporoz, a mosaic. To a tomato harm – the hothouse whitefly, gallovy nematodes, fitoftoroz, septorioz, a mosaic, and to onions – tobacco trips, it is false – mealy dew, a mosaic. Are dangerous to plants of the protected soil and mnogoyadny wreckers – a medvedka, myshevidny rodents.
In the protected soil conditions which promote mass development of wreckers and diseases are created. Therefore in hothouses where terms of carrying out protective measures are broken, number of wreckers reaches high level. And development of diseases, as a rule, gains epifitotiyny character. Cucumber and tomato yield losses owing to mass development of wreckers and diseases reach sometimes 30-40 % and more.
The system of actions for protection of hothouse vegetable cultures was developed taking into account features of distribution of wreckers and diseases which are caused by application of this or that technology of cultivation of plants, features of a microclimate in constructions of the protected soil. This system consists of quarantine, preventive, agrotechnical, chemical and biological actions.
For destruction of causative agents of diseases and wreckers in hothouses, after the last harvesting, hold preventive events: disinfecting of plants, cleaning of hothouses of the vegetative remains and removal top on (2-3 see) a layer of earth, stock disinfecting.
Soil mixes disinfect in the thermal or chemical way. At thermal a layer of earth heat up the ferry which submit to the soil from below via the punched pipelines or on a soil surface under shelter. Soil disinfecting on depth 30sm is reached at temperature 70oS, and from gallovy nematodes during 1,5-2 h and at 100oS.
In the presence of a complex of diseases when pathogens are concentrated in a soil blanket, Previkur 607 SL, century of river is enough to carry out to concentration of 0,15 %, with norm of a consumption of working solution of 2-4 l on sq.m soil processing in a layer of 5-7 cm in seeding of seeds by preparation solution.
The recommended system of protective measures in vegetation
At work with pesticides in the closed soil it is necessary to observe safety measures. All protective measures on preservation of a crop of above-mentioned cultures are carried out under the direction of the expert in protection of plants.
V. Permyakov, chief of the State station of protection of plants of ARK, L.Alekseev, main agriculturist, S. Kindruk, zaveduyushchayalaboratoriya of forecasts and diagnostics.