In article methods of inspection of fields on identification of wreckers and diseases are given. Besides, terms of carrying out inspections are specified.
Autumn soil inspection
During the autumn period, by the end of vegetation of crops or after its termination a number of inspections for establishment of number and a condition of the harmful organisms going to winter and making initial number of populations next year is carried out.
On the basis of these results, heads of the agricultural enterprises, farmers develop the plans of measures on pest control and diseases of agricultural cultures the forthcoming year.
For work the obsledovatelsky link, consisting of the 3rd people who have been in advance prepared is created. Inspections carry out under the direction of agriculturists of farms, specialists of inspectorates of protection of plants in a uniform technique.
I. Inspection of the soil of fields of one crop rotation on identification of pochvoobitayushchy wreckers, is carried out in each area on all farmland of the area, till September 30, a method of soil excavation. The Obsledovatelsky link, is equipped with a plywood or film leaf in the size (50X100sm), a shovel, capacities (banks with salt solution). Performance standard of such link of 12-15 holes for the working day. On a surveyed site in chessboard order at identical distance one from another, dig out holes in the size 50X50 and depth 50sm. On 100 hectares – dig 16 holes, over 100 – on 4 on each 50 hectares. Posloyno look through the soil, bring together the found insects in banks with salt solution and fill 2 labels. One field – one test.
II. By the above-stated technique on all farmland of the area carry out soil excavation of fields under crops of winter crops on determination of population them caterpillars winter and others podgryzayushchy a scoop, and also larvae and bugs of the grain ground beetle. This inspection is carried out till October 10. At depth of excavation 15sm.
III. Inspection of forest belts, plodopolos, forests on identification of a wintering stock of a bug of a harmful cherepashka and other harmful bugs-shchitnikov carry out in all agricultural enterprises till September 20. For this purpose: in chessboard order at uniform removal one from another look through registration platforms 50X50. At the rate of 1 platform on 1 hectare of the wood or 20 for a quarter in the area of 20 hectares. In a forest belt put from calculation one on 0,5 hectares, but not less than 8 on a surveyed site in the form of a zigzag. Carefully look through fallen leaves and the vegetative remains, bark cracks, count up quantity of bugs and fill labels.
IV. Inspection of winter crops on population their Giessen and Swedish flies is carried out after emergence of shoots of winter crops on all agricultural grounds of the area from October 1 to October 15. Thus crops of winter wheat, winter barley and a rye on different predecessors and terms of sowing are surveyed separately. On 100 hectares test from 8 running meters undertakes. On crops with the big area, in addition take on 4 running meters on each 50 hectares. The plants taken from all running meters of the surveyed field, make one test. All plants in test carefully dig out with roots and slightly shake off from them the earth then, in vitro look through each plant separately, unbending vaginal leaves, and cutting a needle, each stalk.
In the analysis, considering not populated and populated plants, count up not infected and infected plants, the found larvae and pupariya, results write down in registration forms.
V. Inspection of crops of corn on detection of population by a stem corn moth and a cotton sovka is carried out in all farms till September 15. On two diagonals, on the area 100ga examine on 5 plants with ears in 20 evenly removed among themselves places. On the areas, the bigger area quantity of registration plants increase by 50 copies on everyone 100ga. Results of accounts write down in the registration form.
VI. Soil inspection on a zaleganiye of the Colorado beetle is carried out in potatoes landings in time from October 1 to October 10 on plantations of potatoes of the area and on individual sites of the population. The quantity of the dug-out holes on each field depends on the sizes of a surveyed site. On sites in the area to 10 hectares dig out 10 holes; from 11 to 50 hectares – 12 holes and from 51 to 100 hectares and more dig out 16 holes in the size 50 x 50 x 50 see. On each surveyed individual site dig out not less than one hole.
Dolls, bugs and the larvae found on a surveyed field, a site make one test in which count up quantity of live and dead individuals, and results enter in the registration form in a form, on farms.
VII. Inspection of fields of cabbage is carried out in all farms of the area where there are landings of late cabbage, and in individual sector till September 25. Thus irrespective of the landing area, examine 100 plants of cabbage on two diagonals of a field. On each diagonal at identical distance examine on 5 plants. Cabbage stumps pull out, examine their elevated parts, root system and the soil on depth 5 see. At survey and opening count up quantity of larvae and pupariev the cabbage fly, wintering stages of a plant louse, dolls and bugs of weevils-skrytnokhobotnikov; larvae, dolls and bugs of weevils-baridov.
VIII. Inspection of ground grounds on population myshevidny rodents is carried out in time from October 1 to October 10. Crops of winter wheat, long-term herbs and not arable lands are subject to this inspection. Number of myshevidny rodents define by calculation of colonies and holes on 1 hectare. For this purpose lay a route lengthways or on a diagonal of a surveyed field. The route area in extent of 1 km at width of 10 m makes 0,5 hectares (10 m x 500 m). Moving on a route, the obsledovatel counts up number of the found colonies (number of holes in colonies) under review, but no more than in 5 m on either side of a route. The received number of colonies and holes in colonies on 1 hectare is considered an average for all area of this ground. On the registration area carefully trample the earth all holes, and next day count up the opened openings. Enter in the registration form.
IX. Mass inspection of arable and not arable lands on population is carried out by their meadow moth till September 30. For population establishment by caterpillars of a meadow moth, except soil inspections of fields of a crop rotation, conduct also survey on crops of long-term herbs and not arable lands (roadsides of roads, forest belts, pastures) if on them development of caterpillars was observed. On the areas where caterpillars of a meadow moth in vegetation were revealed, carry out soil inspections. Registration platforms put in the size (50 x 50 cm) evenly. Place on two diagonals of a field or in chessboard order. Most fully cocoons of a meadow moth are considered, at placement of 12 platforms on a site to 100 hectares. On each registration platform soils to depth of 5-7 cm and all revealed cocoons carefully skim, collect in banks, without filling in them solution. Then each cocoon open (separately on each field) and establish number live, and also the lost caterpillars. Specialists of stations of protection of plants after carrying out the analysis write down results.
Autumn inspection on jugs on a locust
Autumn inspection carry out on those sites where in the summer a locust it was noted by number more than 1 piece/sq.m after the termination of a mass yaytsekladka and dying off insects (September-October). Platforms put moving in parallel or as a cross. A shovel remove a layer of earth 0,25 kv2 (50 x 50sm) depth of 5-8 cm, the earth assort hands and choose jugs. At parallel movement of test take through each 100 m. The locust postpones eggs on neudobyax, with rare vegetation, on saline, sandy soils.
Inspection of gardens
Inspection of gardens in all farms on detection of contamination by their agricultural wreckers are carried out till September 25. Autumn inspection of gardens for the purpose of the accounting of wintering wreckers and existence of diseases are carried out at detailed inspection of 10 modeling trees in every quarter of the garden, located on a diagonal of quarter. In the gardens which do not have quarter breakdown, at the area to 50 hectares, on two diagonals choose 30, and at the area to 100 hectares and it is more than 50 registration trees. By survey of their kroner reveal and count up total of winter nests of a blackvein and the browntail. And viewing of 100 thin escapes, on 25 pieces from four parties, yaytsekladka of an annulate silkworm. On 8 fruit branches in length of 10 cm on a three-point scale consider fruit ticks, and on the 8 taken in addition yablonny plant louse from the 4th parties of a tree. Bark survey on three meters running (1 m from the basis) reveal and count up yaytsekladka a listovertok. Here, on skeletal branches from the bottom party choose and examine on 5-6 platforms of a bark on 100 cm2 and establish on the 3rd ball scale extent of settling by shchitovka and lozhnoshchitovka. At survey shtambov and the bases of skeletal branches with an exfoliating bark reveal females boyaryshnikovy, and also eggs of a red fruit tick and consider extent of settling by them on the 3rd ball scale: so-so, weakly, strongly.
Wintering caterpillars yablonny and east a plodozhorok, and also steklyannitsa consider under an exfoliating bark, in cracks shtambov and the bases of skeletal branches, and pear and plam a plodozhorok under a bark and in cracks to a root neck shtambov. For complete identification, a plodozhorok of all types, consider in the soil, near shtamba on a platform to 1 sq.m and depth 10 see. Thus count up also number of cocoons of pililshchik and dolls of geometrids.
Besides, it is necessary to carry out accounts on a povrezhdennost of demountable fruits yablonny plodozhorky and parshy in farms of the Crimea. When harvesting, consider the damaged removed fruits separately from each registration tree.
At a small crop (100 fruits on a tree), analyze all fruits, and at a good harvest, a half or 1/4 part of a crop, but not less than 500 fruits from each tree, taken by a method of average sample. The account is carried out for September 15.
Results of inspection on each registration tree write down in the registration form, then by results of registration forms in a cut of farms the summary sheet of contamination of gardens on the area is made.
Inspection of vineyards
Grozdevy listovertka reveal a method of route inspections, counting up dolls, on 10 registration bushes and reveal average quantity on one populated bush. Record of results carry out in the registration form.
Crimean skosarya reveal a method of soil excavation which carry out in October, for determination of number of the bugs who have left on wintering. Platforms 50 x 50 (on 0,25 kv2) and depth to 30 cm, on sites where injury of kidneys and leaves in vegetation, at the rate of 1 platform on 1 hectare was noted, at continuous settling are put. Results write down in the registration form.
Grapes diseases
Inspection carry out to the period of maturing of clusters, till September 25. 2-3 grades are investigated. Examine on 10 modeling bushes from two parties, on 50 leaves. Count up total of clusters on identification, mildyu, oidiuma, gray decay.
Century PERMYAKOV, chief state. inspections of protection of plants, S. Kindruk, head of department of forecasting and fytosanitory diagnostics.