The morphological characteristic of this culture is provided in article. Are listed division into districts of a grade of the South of Ukraine.
Encyclopedia of vegetables
Pepper (Capsicumannum) – an annual thermophilic plant of family of paslenovy (Solanaceae). Optimum temperature for an adult plant is 24-270C. Decrease to +150S detains her rostovy processes, and at +130S they stop. The temperature above +350S oppresses plants. Plants at all don’t transfer negative temperatures.
Pepper culture the photophilous. The lack of illumination negatively affects efficiency of plants, owing to subsidence zavyazy, a pozhelteniye of leaves, fragility of the vegetative bodies breaking even at a light touch. Therefore the equal, well shined and not rehumidified places most are suitable for pepper cultivation.
The easy sandy ilisuglinisty soils which have been well filled with organic fertilizers are most suitable for pepper cultivation. Reaction of soil solution should be close to neutral. The culture badly transfers the big content of Na salts.
The best predecessors are:
– cabbage of all types;
– bean cultures;
– cucumbers;
– onions;
– the grain.
It is not necessary to grow up pepper after paslenovy cultures and to return culture on the same square earlier, than in 3-4 years.
Preparation of the soil is carried out depending on the predecessor according to the scheme of preparation of the soil under rassadny vegetable cultures.
Organic fertilizers are necessary for bringing under previous culture.
Mineral fertilizers are brought in several ways. Phosphoric and potash fertilizers are brought under autumn plowing in a full dose or partially under plowing and under prelanding cultivation or with top dressing in the vegetative period.
Nitric fertilizers are brought partially at prelanding cultivation and with podkormkami in the vegetative period, or completely with podkormkami.
The main signs of a lack of nutrients are:
– nitrogen – a vegetative part of plants turns yellow, a gain weak;
– potassium – on the ends of leaves appears a red burn, vegetative weight decoloured;
– phosphorus – plants get a violet shade;
– microfertilizers – the vegetative part of plants is undeveloped, leaves small, deformed.
Norms of fertilizers pay off in each case taking into account the maintenance of elements of a food in the soil, planned productivity and carrying out of elements of a food by culture.
At cultivation of pepper it is necessary to consider that at a shortcoming or lack of calcium on fruits there is a noninfectious disease – topmost decay.
For guarantee receiving the planned crop pepper is grown up in the rassadny way. The sprouts are grown up on the standard technology. Term of its disembarkation on May 15-20.
The scheme of landing of sprouts in many respects depends on a way of an irrigation. At cultivation on a drop irrigation of the most acceptable the scheme of placement (90+50) h15-20 is see. Also ordinary way of landing according to the scheme of placement of plants of 70×15-20 cm which is more often applied when watering by overhead irrigation or on furrows is applied.
For receiving an early crop 60-65 day sprouts are used. For receiving production for processing land 30-45 day sprouts.
Care of plants consists in the interrow mechanized processings of the soil, manual weeding in ranks, fight against weed vegetation, wreckers and diseases. Pepper is very sensitive to soil consolidation, and in this regard to a lack of air therefore after each watering or a rain it is necessary to carry out soil loosening. At the same time with loosening of row-spacings are carried out top dressing by mineral fertilizers.
The recommended zoned grades: Ivanhoe, Coupon, Gift of Moldova.
(On press materials).