In this publication it is a question of use of a biodiesel engine received of rape oil in diesel engines in countries of Western Europe.
In Ukraine today practically it is not made biological lubricants though in the country there is a lot of domestic development. Ukraine can become in the near future the country making and using non-polluting biofuel.
"BIODIESEL": "At THEM" And At us
In Germany proizvoditsya some brands of diesel engines for work on pure rape oil, primeyonyaemy mainly on agricultural machinery. Their main supplier – DeutzFahr firm. On the basis of researches of the Kiel university engines are developed for work on a mix from diesel fuel, rapyosovy oil, water and emulsifier.
And how usual diesel engines?
Proizvoyodimy air suits them as fuel from vegetable oils of fat acids. It is light rape and methyl air received from rape oil (RME or "biodiesel engine") more often. Without problems it is possible to fill in it in a tank of any tractor, the combine, the bus.
Isyosledovaniya biofuels are carried out and in Ukraine: in "MASMA", at the Kharkov polytechnical university, in Ukrniikhimproyekt. Simply the technology of receiving biofuel looks so. From rape seeds wring out oil, then zalivayut it in special capacity and add "absolute" (99,6 %) methyl alcohol and shheloch. The mix settles, then at the bottom there is a glycerin which can be used for production of polymers, antifreezes and proyochy chemical production, and biological fuel for diesel dvigayotel from above gathers.
In Europe biofuel use generally according to two schematic diagrams: French and "German". In the first case his main consumer – motor transport and the buses, which journey in some large cities and separate provinces on usual diesel fuel zapreshhen, and penalties for excess of norms of emissions of toxic substances exceed a difference in cost of RME of usual diesel fuel. Proceeding from use scheme, France makes these goods centrally, on powerful installations (5-10 thousand t a year). In German option biofuel is used generally by agricultural producers. Farmers or cooperatives of farmers for its manufacturing buy low-power installations (300-3000 t a year). They grow up a rape and from it make biofuel which use in own equipment. From the seeds of a rape collected with 1 hectare (on the average about 3 t – in Europe), are made about 1 t of oil. The tests of the serial diesel engines which have been carried out as at us, and abroad, showed that at work on RME the smaller dymnost of an exhaust is observed half. Besides, "biodiesel engine" not soderzhit cancerogenic substances and sulfur, which mnogo in oil products.
For the purpose of environmental protection rape oil, except use for production of biofuel, is widely applied in the western countries by production of lubricants, especially to hydraulic systems. Considering chemical physical properties of rape oil, it often use for production a priyosadok for oils. Application lubricant materialov on the basis of oil products in many branches of developed countries legislatively ograyonicheno, especially on a water transport, in agricultural machinery and on the equipment in the food industry.
Ukraine practically doesn’t make today some biological lubricants though in the country there is a lot of domestic a razyorabotok. In particular, on the basis of rape oil in UKRNII "MASMA" still in the late eighties – the beginning of the 90th years additives "Rapsol" were developed for transmission and hydraulic oils, transyomissionny Prisol oil, oils for dvukhyotaktny petrol engines. In the West on polyester base – the most expensive and prestizhyony, French MOTUL on the basis of coconut oil is enough to remember sinteyotichesky engine and transmission oils highly valued experts. Probably, it is time to numerous domestic producers of oils to master and this segment of the market. Besides, the rape belongs to those plants which can be used for a rekultivatsiya is radioactive the polluted lands. It is important for Ukraine, considering failure consequences on the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station. Collecting in stalks, radionuclides and heavy metals practically don’t get to seeds therefore the rape from the polluted zone can be used for production of oil and dalyyoneyshy production of RME, and stalks together with radioactive substances to subject utiyolizatsiya. Use of these lands deduced from a turn for receiving "biodiesel engine" pozvolilo to cover 8-10 % of need of Ukraine in diesel fuel.
Today, when volumes of a proizyovodstvo of a rape in Ukraine small, and technicians with diesel engines it is used much, govorit about alternative to diesel fuel poka early. But, considering progressing growth of volumes and potential possibilities of a proizyovodstvo of a rape in the country, and also constant deficit in the fuel market, Ukraine can become in the bliyozhayshy future the country making and using non-polluting biologiyochesky fuel – RME. Theoretically, sowing 5-5,5 million hectares with a rape (17 % of cultivated areas), Ukraine could provide the needs for diesel fuel completely.
The biofuel price essentially decreases if completely to use production by-products – an oil cake, glycerin, other. It is a pity that the Law of Ukraine About alternative types topliva, signed by the President 14.01.2000g, yet didn’t become at us the guide to action for structures, "podymayushchy" agricultural industry. Poyoka all is limited to enthusiasm of separate groups of engineers and scientists. On the "German" way the Czech Republic, the Baltic States already move.
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