In article all species of a plant louse striking garden cultures, and also all ways helping from it to get rid are in detail described.
Everywhere in the summer on trees of an apple-tree, a pear, a quince, a mountain ash and a hawthorn vstrechayutsya the twirled young leaves and tops of escapes with colonies dark zelenyx larvae of a green yablonny plant louse. Listya and escapes are covered with sweet and its sticky excrement on which ants and sazhisty mushrooms settle. Ants pitayutsya vydeleniye of plant louses (Medvyany dew) also protect them from predatory insects. They frighten off afidofagov (kokcinellid, sirfid, lacewings). Mushrooms cover with Sazhistye a surface of the damaged bodies continuous black for a short while, vyyozyvy violation of photosynthesis and a zhiznedeyoyatelnost of plants. Damaged listya and escapes stop growth, deformiruyutsya and dry up.
Eggs of a plant louse winter on young pobegax and branches near kidneys. In swelling and blooming of kidneys from them otrozhdayutsya small (to 0,5 mm) larvae with three parami black feet and black short moustaches. Accumulating on tops of kidneys, larvae exhaust from them juice. To Posyol of blooming of kidneys they move on the bottom party of leaves and a bark of moloyody escapes, very quickly develop, and in 12-15 days (prior to the beginning of apple-tree flowering) become adult wingless samyokami-foundresses (length of 2 mm). In flowering of trees they otrozhdayut without fertilisation till 40-50 larvae, forming thus near itself a koloyoniya of a plant louse.
Threshold number of a green yablonyony plant louse – 5-10 larvae on one leaf when settling of 20-30 % of sockets by them. At tayoky number of the wrecker if in koloniyax plant louses are absent useful insects – kokcinellidy, lacewings and flies-sirfidy, it is necessary to carry out the opryskivayony. In the presence of 3-5 afidofagov, prixodyashhixsya on 100 sockets of an apple-tree or a pear, threshold number of the wrecker vozrastaet till 10-20 larvae on a leaf at a zaseyoleniye them 50 % of sockets, and sprayings against a yablonny green plant louse don’t carry out. It exclude also when the ratio afidofagov and plant louses makes 1:40.
The plant louse the plam pollinated occupies listya and young escapes of plum, an apricot, a peach. The damaged leaves not skruchivayutsya. The wrecker – a pale green insect with three longitudinal poloskami on a back, length of 2,5 mm. The body of a plant louse is covered with a voskopodobny bluish-white down. Zimuyut eggs on moyolody escapes. At the beginning of blooming of kidneys otrozhdayutsya lichinki, they eat on tops of kidneys, and poyoty – from the bottom party of young leaves and on young escapes, covering them with a sploshyony layer.
Quite often leaves and the fruits polluted by vydeleniye of a plant louse with linochny skins who have stuck to them, become covered cheryony for a short while sazhisty mushrooms. In the summer the plant louse flies on a reed, and in the autumn – obyoratno on fruit-trees. During the summer gives to 10 generations.
Both in the spring, and in the summer in the braided leaves on cherry and sweet cherry tops and in the middle of escapes there is a weight blestyayoshche-black, shirokogrushevidny nasekoyomy in the length of 2-2,4 mm – it is a cherry plant louse.
Black brilliant eggs at an osyonovaniye of kidneys on young escapes winter. When blooming kidneys otrozhdayutsya larvae which eat at first on tops of kidneys, and creep then on the bottom party of leaves and young escapes. Leaves are braided, deformiruyutsya, blacken and dry up, priobyorety a look burned, and escapes iskrivlyayutsya, stop growth and too dry up.
In the autumn there are males who move on vishnyu and sweet cherry. After pairing of a female postpone eggs. For vegetation give 10-14 generations.
In the spring on bushes of a black currant leaves often meet yellowish or greenish swellings – these are Gauls a big currant of a plant louse. Adult insects light green, length to 3 mm. In the spring the plant louse creates colonies on the bottom party of leaves which exhaust from them juice therefore on listyax convex Gauls are formed. Moves on salad, a sow-thistle, chicory in the summer, and in the autumn comes back and otkladyvaet on leaves and currant escapes wintering eggs.
On tops of branches of a black and zolotisyoty currant and on a gooseberry lumps from the braided leaves in which happens a lot of small pale green a yaytsevidny form nayosekomy in the length to 1,9 mm and width of 1,2 mm (less often) meet. This is a kryzhovnikovy plant louse.
Eggs on branches and escapes at the basis of kidneys winter. In April, during swelling of kidneys, eggs leave liyochinki-foundresses. At first they suck juice from kidneys, and after their blooming creep on cheyoreshka of young leaves and green escapes. The damaged chereshka iskrivlyayutsya, interstices ukorachivayutsya, escapes are strongly bent and leaves are bent down. Larvae-rasselitelnitsy which pereletayut on big distances, occupying new plantings in the summer are born.
Red and white currant povrezhdaetsya sheet gallovy plant louse (hairy smorodinny, krasnosmorodinny). The struck bushes can be distinguished on krasyony hilly leaves. On their bottom party colonies of ochroleucous larvae, citreous wingless sayomok-foundresses with long cylindrical tubules on the paunch end, and in the summer – winged females-rasselitelnits with the brown-gray head and a breast, length to 2,4 mm settle down. Eggs on young escapes winter. In the spring and in the summer this species of a plant louse develops as well as others.
Entomofagi plant louse
Number of plant louses is reduced by useful insects: kokcinellidy, flies-sirfidy, lacewings, bugs and pereponchatokryly insects.
In gardens a plant louse ladybugs (seven-dot and garden) destroy generally, adaliya (point-to-point and ten-dot), a kalviya ten-spotty, a pro-pilea chetyrnadtsatitochechny, and also flies-siryofidy. Constant defenders of a garden – lacewings.
Fight against plant louses and ways of preservation of useful insects
At small number of a plant louse to carry out spraying netseyolesoobrazno as useful insects in condition to destroy wreckers.
If there is a threat of a mass razmnoyozheniye of plant louses which can do considerable harm, carry out opryskivayony infusion or broth of tobacco, makhorka or a tobacco dust with soap addition. To prepare broth, 0,4 kg of a tobacco dust (makhorka, tobacco) insist days in 10 l of water, boil then 2 h, oxlazhdayut, filter and dilute 10 l of water. Before spraying add hozyayyostvenny soap (40 g on 10 l of broth).
It is easier to prepare infusion. For this purpose 0,4 kg of a waste of tobacco insist in 10 l of water of two days, then filter, dilute 10 l of water and add before spraying a laundry soap (40 g on 10 l of infusion).
It is possible to use still such recipes: infusion – 1 kg of a tobacco dust to insist in 10 l of water within two days, to dilute triple kolichestyovy waters; broth – 1 kg of a tobacco dust to boil in 10 l of water of 30 minutes. Then on 1 l of broth to add 3 l of water. In total poluchaetsya 40 l of working liquid. Before an opyoryskivaniye add a laundry soap (40 g on 10 l of water).
It is impossible to apply infusion or broth tabaka before maturing of berries and fruits as it impacts them bitter relish.
If it is necessary to get rid urgently of a plant louse on an apple-tree, a pear, a currant, a gooseberry, apply tablets INTA-VIR (1 tablet containing 3,75 % cipermetrina, dissolve in 10 l of water and carry out spraying). For vegetation this preparation it is possible ispolzovat two times. The second opryskiyovaniye carry out on later than in 25 days prior to the beginning of harvesting. At an opyoryskivaniye of fruit and berry rasteyoniya it is necessary to watch that INTA-VIR didn’t get on ripening ovoshchyony cultures, and it is obligatory to observe necessary security measures.
(On Ogorodnik magazine materials).