This material acquaints the reader with possibilities of receiving more big crops thanks to the correct alternation of cultures. The great value has also knowledge of incompatibility of cultures which is given in the corresponding table.
"STRATEGY" of GARDEN AFFAIRS
While there is a possibility, slowly and in details think over the plan of placement of vegetable plants in the forthcoming season.
Why to alternate cultures on a site?
Cultivation of the same culture on one place in teyocheny several years leads to distribution of diseases and wreckers therefore representatives of one family should come back to a former place of landing in 3-4 years.
Alternation of cultures should promote and effektivyony fight against weeds. Plants with well developed bystroyorastushchy sheet weight (cabbage, potatoes, a vegetable marrow), placed with big row-spacings, possess sposobnostyu to suppress weeds and on the contrary, cultures, slowly razvivayushhiesya and forming small vegetative weight (carrots, fennel, parsley), aren’t capable to resist sornyakam. Therefore, alternation of these cultures allows sozdat favorable conditions for their growth and development.
To reach rational alternation of cultures, it is necessary to know, after what predecessor them to place. Predyoshestvenniki – is the cultures occupying a site in predyyodushchy year.
We provide some schemes (links) of alternation of cultures in a crop rotation. Certainly, the set of cultures can be other, but, developing the crop rotation scheme, surely consider the predecessor.
How to make and enter a crop rotation?
On production crops of public and fermeryosky farms the special scheme of introduction and crop rotation development is made. Thus, to exclude an adverse effect of the adverse predecessor, do on all area of a site where the crop rotation, so-called leveling crops is entered. Usually sow grain culture – barley, oats, wheat which as though erases action of razyolichny predecessors and creates approximate and identical conditions for all cultures. And the next years already dejstvuyut at each other chosen predecessors.
On the small area of a personal or country plot to occupy all area with equalizing culture there is no vozyomozhnost and therefore it is necessary to apply previous and repeated crops of grain crops. Let’s tell, early vesyony on the sites which have been taken away under rassadny cultures, poseyat barley. Up the time of sprouts disembarkation he will grow vysoyoty 10-20 cm, its weight it is possible prikopat on a place or to mow and feed an animal.
In space and in time
So agriculturists speak about placement of cultures in a crop rotation. Let’s take, for example, the scheme of their alternation. At us poluchilsya pyatipolny (or rather pyatigryadochny) a crop rotation. We take away under this crop rotation, say, 200 sq.m (2 hundred parts) ploshhadi a kitchen garden. Each bed (on the big area – a field) budet to borrow on 40 sq.m. Placing these beds according to a chereyodovaniye (in the specified sequence), we occupy all space of a kitchen garden.
Cultures in a crop rotation
Partners and antagonists
Still the Ancient Greek philosopher and the largest botanist Teofrast noted that some plants badly uzhivayutsya with each other, for example, a radish with cabbage. Much later scientists established that between plants sushhestvuyut a certain relationship which carry either competitive, or complementary (vzaimoobogashchayushchy) character.
Compatibility of plants
In fight for light, a food and moisture some vegetable kultury oppress each other. So, fennel, a tomato and haricot nesovmestimy with cabbage, including with broccoli, a kohlrabi, color; gorox and haricot – with onions and garlic, potatoes – with podsolnechniyoky, salad – with sheet mustard, korneplodny cultures – with stakhisy. The tomato is oppressed by potatoes, the cucumber chokes toyomaty, haricot – with onions-shalotom, a tomato – turnip. It is connected with the flying radio substances which are allocating in air. Growth of spinach is considerably slowed down at a joint vyrayoshchivaniye with a radish. And the radish which is grown up with onions or after it, lags behind in growth. The onions are incompatible with a parsnip, petrushyoky, a beet.
However mutual aid at plants is shown more often than hostility. And it it is possible to use at protection them from bolezyony and wreckers. If among cabbage to plant a tomato, she is surprised listogryzushchy guseniyoets much less. Mint peppery well frightens off krestotsvetny flea beetles, plant louses, the whitefly, caterpillars of a cabbage white butterfly. Beans, koriandr, barkhatets, mattiola, growing in row-spacings kartofelya, protect it from the Colorado beetle.
Essential oils of an anise, basil, hyssop, coriander, goryochitsa salad, a marjoram, a melissa, mint, fennel possess strong fitontsidny property. Well vzaimodejstvuyut bean cultures and corn, cabbage and celery. Such plants are useful for placing in row-spacings or in nests, between the main culture, creating the mixed landings.
Sowing spicy plants – parsley, fennel, an anise, koriandr, a basil, a melissa, a tarragon, a thyme – between vegetables and trees, you protect the garden and a kitchen garden. A smell of these plants, them fitoncidy perniciously affect bolezneyotvorny bacteria and even mushrooms. Two important questions thus are solved: the healthy environment, prepyatstvuyuyoshchy to distribution of wreckers and diseases is created, and effektivyony the site area is used.
The carrot fly finds carrots, an onions fly – onions, kresyototsvetny flea beetles – cabbage and a garden radish only on a smell. Efiryonye oils of aromatic herbs confuse wreckers a pungent smell. Therefore don’t weed all fennel, poyavivshijsya self-sowing on your beds, leave some tsveyotushchy plants – they will not only frighten off a carrot fly, but also to involve useful insects. Basil otpugivaet flies and mosquitoes; garlic constrains development web kleshha and well influences growth and tomato development; the shnitt-onions reduce number of a plant louse and earth flea beetles.
Cucumber grass (borago) and a tomato allocate biologically active substances which stimulate development of cabbage, peas, haricot, onions, green cultures. The celery, a beet, onions, kochanny salad are compatible to cabbage of broccoli; the petyorushka and haricot are compatible to cabbage, a cucumber, sweet corn. Remember, how cultures are placed, "health" of your kitchen garden in many respects depends.
The calendula, nasturtium, barkhatets between ranks of onions and chesnoka relieve them of defeat by a nematode. At the end of a vegetayotsiya of a plant of barkhatets it is possible to crush and close up in pochvu. Then the bed will be frequent from nematodes.
(On Ogorodnik magazine materials).