In this article recommendations about introduction of mineral fertilizers under winter crops in the conditions of a drought in the summer of 2008 on fields AR Crimea are made.
Saenko N.
Long-term researches of the APP UAAN Crimean institute established optimum norm of introduction of mineral fertilizers under crops of winter grain crops. Under the winter wheat going on black steam, it is recommended to bring only 10 kg/hectares of phosphorus at the same time with crops of the grain.
However in the conditions of a drought and lack of moisture in the summer of 2008 in the soil nitrifikatsionny processes were braked that caused of introduction of mineral nitrogen and on steam predecessors, in a dose of 30-45 kg of active ingredient of nitrogen. The same norm of nitrogen is recommended to be brought and on busy steam, and on the sternevy predecessor it is necessary to increase a dose of introduction of nitrogen to 50-60 kg/hectares.
Effect of mineral nitrogen can be shown at existence in the soil not less than 1,5 mg/100 of g of the soil of mobile phosphorus.
Considering sharp decrease in volumes of introduction of organic fertilizer in the form of manure, long-term researches of the APP UAAN Crimean institute and other scientific researches, it is established that as alternative to manure straw of grain crops and other pozhnivny remains can serve. Introduction of 1 t/hectare of straw on the action is equivalent to introduction of 3 t of manure.
The great value when using straw has its crushing till the sizes of 5-7 cm and uniform distribution across the field, with the minimum gap between its introduction and seal on depth no more than 12-15 cm, with addition on each ton of straw of 10 kg of active ingredient of nitrogen.
Studying of terms of introduction of mineral fertilizers showed that in the conditions of not washing type of soils of the Steppe Crimea possibly introduction of full norm of mineral fertilizers under the main processing of the soil or under preseeding cultivation.
Long-term skilled data showed that priposevny introduction of 10-12 kg of phosphorus gives the highest return. Such norm provides about 3 c/hectares of an increase of a grain yield. Such agronomical reception is effective even at high cost of phosphoric fertilizers.
N. Saenko, leading research associate of laboratory of agriculture of the APP UAAN Crimean institute.