The characteristic of highly productive grades of winter wheat is provided in article. New grades of winter wheat of the Ukrainian selection are offered. Recommendations about acquisition of these grades and technologies to them are made.
Wheat – the major food crop. Its crops in Ukraine reach 6-7 million hectares. A big half of gross production of grain drops out on a steppe zone. An environment of the country does actual for all landowners a problem of increase in efficiency of crops of winter wheat. One of the main reserves of increase in production of grain of winter wheat defined introduction of highly productive grades. For complete implementation of the characteristic of a grade, its productivity and quality of grain it is necessary to create conditions of cultivation which promote effective identification of its genetic potential. The grade role even more increases at high level of other elements of technology (protection of plants, fertilizers, soil preparation). In these conditions introduction of new intensive grades increases productivity by 25-40 %. Application of a high-quality agrotechnology gives the chance to collect on 40-50 c/hectares and more on the big areas. When providing ideal conditions of growth and development in the steppe regions of Ukraine it is theoretically possible to collect 160-200 c/hectares. Nevertheless the best results show grades of the Odessa selection in Ukraine.
On genetic potential and the requirement to conditions of cultivation of a grade share on the high-intensity – (Colombia, the Dark-complexioned girl, Remeslivna) and intensive – (The Dryad, Poshana, Kiry, Lyon, Yatran 60, Harus). The genetic capacity of this group exceeds 100 c/hectares. Universal type, potential of 80-100 c/hectares (Nikoniya, Albatross Odessa, Selyanka, Podolyanka, Krizhinka, Povaga, Kuyalnik, Dalnitska, Ermak, Favourite). These grades well react to fertilizers, are less exacting to the predecessor than intensive. Their universality is that they high-yielding and are suitable for intensive technologies of cultivation, provide a high bottom threshold of productivity on low and average agrobackgrounds at limited use of pesticides.
Semi-intensive type treat Mironovsky early ripe, Kharkov 105, Odessa 267, Donetsk 48, Venus, Vesta, Dikanka, the Elegy. These grades are more adapted for adverse climatic conditions. Effectively realize low agrofon and natural fertility of soils. They can be sowed after bad predecessors or at deviations from an agrotechnology. Placement on high agrobackgrounds promotes a vyleganiye.
Grades of winter wheat differ and on maturing terms. The Dryad, the Don semi-dwarfish treat the early ripe of Znakhidk Odessa, Mironovsky early ripe. Sredneranniye – the Albatross Odessa, the Outpost Odessa, Nikoniya, Poshan, Kuyalnik, the Dark-complexioned girl. They ripen for 5-6 days after the early ripe. Mid-season – Lars, Mironovsky 65, Krizhanka, Povaga, Podolyanka etc. The best on winter hardiness – Kharkov 105, Znakhidka Odessa, Nikoniya, the Dryad, Povaga, Podolyanka, Krizhinka. Average winter hardiness – Kuyalnik, Poshan, Selyanka, Mironovsky 67.
Raised zharo-and sukhostoykost – Kuyalnik, Selyanka, Nikoniya, Colombia, the Dark-complexioned girl. Outpost, Yatran 60, Znakhidka Odessa, Lelya. Resistant to a vyleganiye – the Dark-complexioned girl, Colombia, the Dryad, Kiev 8, Yatran 60, Remeslivka.
Characteristic of the most widespread grades of the lake of wheat.
+ – with redny, ++ – high, +++ – very high, With – the Steppe, L – the Forest-steppe, P – Polesye, its Mid-season, sr – sredneranniya, rs – early ripe, the joint venture – mid-season, Sln – strong
The prices – valuable.
So, productivity of some grades of winter wheat across the Crimea in 2005 and 2006 made (minute – Max.)
2005 2006.
Dryad 1 reprod. 33-56 c/hectares of 38-52 c/hectares
Odessa 267 (elite) of 35-49 c/hectares of 38-47 c/hectares
Nikoniya 1 reprod. 11-62 c/hectares of 39-71 c/hectares
To them, with further support, it is possible to get Bceopisannye of a grade of winter wheat, and also technology in the RAYZ company. The guaranteed quality of a sowing material, with our help, will allow to achieve desirable result.