In this article recommendations about fight against weeds are made.
Fight against weeds manages to farms of the Crimea annual loss of 10-20 % of crop production. After all weed plants compete with cultural for moisture, nutrients, light and other factors of environment. They form seeds in large numbers – from several pieces to several thousand from one plant.
The strong contamination of fields complicates care of crops grain, increases a consumption of fuel on processing. Besides weeds litter grain and seeds: additional costs of their cleaning, transportation, cleaning and drying are required. Many weeds become also intermediate owners, rezervator of a number of wreckers and diseases of agricultural cultures.
On each field, depending on what culture on it is grown up, display the ecological conditions. Owing to what, usually here it is possible to meet to 10 to 50 types of weed plants. However at a selection of preparations for chemical weeding it is necessary to be guided not by separate types of weeds, and on set of their groups. Proceeding from the aforesaid, it is possible to allocate five types of a contamination: Zlakovoodnoletniya (mice gray, green); dvudolnomaloletniya (summer, wintering, winter and biannual two-submultiple weeds); korneotpryskovy (korneotpryskovy, kornevishchny and klubnevy weeds from a class two-submultiple); kornesterzhnevy (dandelion medicinal); pyreyny.
Zlakovoodnoletny, dvudolnomaloletny, korneotpryskovy types of a contamination and their combination make not less than 98 % of all types of a contamination, characteristic for a zone. Simple types of a contamination of fields practically don’t meet. Proceeding from what weeds occupy a leading position, by weight determine type of a contamination of a field. On materials of inspections of a row of years, make the card of a contamination of fields.
Contamination level in points is determined by a five-point scale:
1 point (weak degree) – 1-5 copies of all vegetiruyushchy types of weeds on sq.m.
2 points (weak degree) – 6-15 copies of weeds on sq.m
3 points (average degree) – 16-50 copies on m 4 points (strong degree) – 51-100 copies on sq.m
5 points (very strong degree) – more than 100 copies on m.
That is to apply herbicides it is necessary on the basis of cards of an operative contamination of fields.
In case of prevalence in crop rotations of two-submultiple weed plants it is necessary to give preference to poslevskhodovy herbicides.
If in crops more than annual and long-term cereal weeds, choose anticereal herbicides.
The group of herbicides of continuous action on a basis glifosata can be used on steam fields, and also in system of zyablevy processing of fields, it is perspective and in fight against weeds on waste and laylands. Application of the soil herbicides keeping activity in the soil, can negatively affect growth and development of the subsequent cultures of a crop rotation.
So after application xlorsulfurona, because of danger of damage of cultural plants, the next year it is recommended to sow a beet, a buckwheat, vegetable, herbs of family bean, a rape, mustard, corn, sunflower, potatoes. The next year after processings hlorsulfurony it is possible to sow only grain grains; after triasulfurona – only winter wheat. The next year after application metsulfuron – methyl it is impossible to sow a beet, vegetable, corn, a buckwheat, sunflower. After processing trifluraliny postaction on such cultures as is possible: millet, oats, corn, barley, rice, beet, wheat, (magazine Protection and quarantine of plants, No. 2, 2007 of).
Weeds in an early phase of development when their suppression needs the minimum dose of a preparation are most sensitive to herbicides. Introduction of herbicides is expedient for combining with fungicidami insecticides in pest control and diseases.
We recommend for application the following lateral mixes:
Granstrar of 75 % (10¼½/hectare) + Puma Super m.v.e. (0,5 l/hectares) + Fundazol of 50 % for item page (0,5 kg/hectares);
Bazagran century of river (1,0 l/hectares) + Mitas of item page (4 úÓ/hectare) + Rex Duo k.e. (0,6½/hectare);
The cowboy of 40 % of century of R (60 ml/hectares + the Puma Super m.v.e (0,5 l/hectares) + Alto 400SC century to. (0,2 l/hectares);
Harmoni of 75 % for century of (7 g/hectares) + Monitor of 750 century of (0,013 g/hectares) + Impakt of 25 % of page of the item (0,5 kg/hectares);
Grodil Ultra 720v.r. (0,05 g/hectares) + Monitor of 750 century of (0,0065 g/hectares) +Topsin M of page of the item (1,0 kg/hectares) and others.
Introduction of herbicides is necessary for carrying out since more developed crops grain and to an exit in a tube. Bakovye should prepare mixes directly ahead of processing, strictly observing safety measures.
Century PERMYAKOV, chief of inspection of protection of plants,
Village KINDRUK, deputy chief of inspection, head of department of forecasts and fytosanitory diagnostics.