In the publication it is told about activities of the Crimean gidrogeologo-meliorative expedition of the State committee of Ukraine for a water management.
Systematic supervision over dynamics of changes of hydro-geological and soil and meliorative conditions in a zone of influence of irrigating systems, behind quality of water resources and processes of flooding by ground waters of lands and rural settlements of the Crimea are carried out by the Crimean gidrogeologo-meliorative expedition of the State committee of Ukraine on the water management, created in 1967g.
The main task of expedition is implementation of departmental programs of monitoring of reclaimed lands and monitoring of a surface water (sources of an irrigation, complex use, drainage exhaust waters) in the state system of monitoring of environment.
On the Crimean peninsula water managements are carried out in a difficult environment. For Prisivashya and the Kerch Peninsula the besstochnost or very weak natural drenirovannost of the territory, a superficial zaleganiye of silnomineralizovanny ground waters, considerable natural salinity and a solontsevatost of soils and the podpochvenny horizons are characteristic; for the Tarkhankutsky peninsula and the Foothills – wide development karstuyushhixsya breeds, big biases of the district. Existence of the above-stated factors predetermines possibility of manifestation of negative processes and the phenomena: floodings and zasoleniye of lands, developments of a karst and water erosion, pollution of the drinking water-bearing horizons, etc.
Research works on monitoring of waters and lands are conducted in the territory in total area 1,5mln. hectare, including everything irrigated lands (401,4 thousand hectares), all lands with drenazhy (184,4tys.ga), territories of 630 rural settlements the majority from which are located in a zone of influence of irrigating systems, (in 197 the horizontal systematic drainage is constructed of them for protection against flooding).
Supervision are made on a network consisting of 5419 regime wells, 73 stationary salt ploshchayodok, 447 hydrometric posts, 486 hydrochemical posts (including 399 – on drainage sites, 48 – on the main collectors and rice dumpings, 18 – on water objects of complex use, 19 – on irrigating systems), 819 hydrochemical wells.
The complex soil and hydrochemical laboratory of an ekspediyotsiya consistently and tselenapyoravlenno extends. The laboratory created more than 30 years ago, is the unique laboratory among the water economic organizations of the Crimea, corresponding to the requirements shown to complex laboratories. It is accredited on performance of measurements of 96 indicators, including 67 – on water (including opredeleyony biogenes, heavy metals, pesticides, oil products and others specific pokazateyoly) and 29 – on soils and annually carries out about 84 thousand izmereyoniya of indicators of fiziko-himichesyoky properties and components of himiyochesky composition of water and soils.
It agrees executed at the beginning of the vegetative period 2007g. to an assessment of a meliorative condition of irrigated lands on hydro-geological and soil and meliorative indicators, 90 % of irrigated grounds (361,4 thousand hectares) are in a good and satisfactory condition that guarantees obtaining design productivity of agricultural cultures and preservation of fertility of soils at observance by land users of soil-protective technologies, introduction of necessary amount of organic and mineral fertilizers, plastering of slabosolontsevaty soils, observance of optimum modes of an irrigation. On separate sites in total area of 40,0 thousand hectares the unsatisfactory meliorative condition of lands is noted, including. on a zaleganiye of levels of ground waters on depths of less admissible – on the area of 3,0 thousand hectares (7,5 %), on salinity of soils – on 1,2 thousand hectares (3,0 %), on a solontsevatost of soils – on 33,5 thousand hectares (83,8 %), on salinity and a solontsevatost of soils – on 1,5 thousand hectares (3,7 %), on a combination of all above-named factors – 0,8 thousand hectares (2,0 %).
Use of sites of irrigated lands with an unsatisfactory meliorative condition should be carried out with scientific and reasonable restrictions of economic activity. Methodical recommendations about an order of use of irrigated lands and irrigating systems are led up to regional managements of a water management and regional managements of agroindustrial development and take root into practical activities at operation of intereconomic and intraeconomic irrigating systems.
Expedition accepts also uchasyoty in preparation and coordination to water users of documents on special water use, in certification of water objects of local value, in identification of sources a zagryazneyoniya of water objects, water use violations of the rules.
In divisions of expedition work gidrogeologi, soil scientists, hydraulic engineering, chemists, ecologists, topographers. 28 people worked in an ekspeyoditsiya of 25 and more years (Afanasyev I.M. – the chief of Krasnoperekopsky gidrogeologo-meliorative party, Sides of Century of M – the chief of complex party, Pirogov N. M. – the manager of a layoboratoriya, Barilo L.N. – Veduyoshchy hydrogeologist and others).
In the work expedition tesyono cooperates with the regional state administrations, with regional upyoravleniye of a water management, with departments and Reskomvodkhoz’s noting these days the 86 anniversary from the date of the basis managements.
Village REZNIKOV, chief of the Crimean GGME.
In pictures: experts of an ekyospeditsiya conduct issledovatelsyoky works.