In article it is a question of a drop irrigation which is effektivnoy all other ways of an irrigation. In comparison with watering on furrows the irrigating norm decreases at 5-10 time. The Crimean research center of Institute of hydraulic engineering and land improvement developed and adjusted production of a complex of means of cleaning and preparation of water, droppers, mikrodozhdevately, locking regulating and safety fittings and connecting details and an automation equipment. Annually the center practises and builds more than 300 hectares of systems of a microirrigation.
As it was already noted repeatedly, climatic conditions of the Crimea are exclusively favorable for cultivation of many crops, including fruit and grapes. However potential possibilities of these cultures at us aren’t used fully.
The most important factor of an intensification of production in gardening and wine growing branch – introduction of achievements of scientific and technical progress, and in the shortest terms.
For receiving high, economically reasonable crops it is necessary in due time and to hold qualitatively events for land reclamation, especially water management.
Experience of use of different ways of watering testifies that is most effective than other ways of an irrigation – drop. Now this way takes a leading place in watering of long-term plantings.
As a result of long-term researches it was established that the microirrigation became highly effective, resource-saving and ecologically safe. The technologies of a microirrigation of fruit and vegetable crops developed by us for different soil climatic conditions provide considerable economy of irrigation water. In comparison with watering on furrows the irrigating norm decreases at 5-10 time.
The drop irrigation promotes creating an enabling environment of water and nutritious modes of the soil, provides the greatest efficiency of fruit crops. Plantings of an apple-tree, a peach, a pear, an apricot at a drop irrigation yield a harvest in 1,8-2,9 times bigger, than at traditional ways of moistening.
Efficiency of plantings is increased considerably also by giving through droppers with irrigation water of the dissolved nutrients, microcells, means of protection, regulators of growth of plants. The economy of the mineral fertilizers brought with water at this way of watering made 30 % and more.
Researches of work of systems of a drop irrigation in real working conditions showed that costs of construction at cultivation of fruit crops pay off for the second year of fructification.
Local moistening of the soil in systems of a drop irrigation at maintenance of optimum moistening doesn’t lead to essential change of indicators of fertility, structure and soil consolidation, and also to decrease in a stock of a humus. The optimum mode of humidity of the soil for apple-trees and pears makes 70 % of NV, a peach – 70-80 % of NV.
As a result of researches by us it was revealed that in the soil throughout all vegetative period of fruit crops it is necessary to make for maintenance of an optimum mode of humidity from 5 to 18 waterings, at irrigating norm from 950 to 1800 l/plants or 400-750 m3/hectares.
The center of a microirrigation of IGIM and its Crimean branch, and now the Crimean research center of Institute of hydraulic engineering and land improvement, developed and adjusted production of a complex of means of cleaning and preparation of water, droppers, mikrodozhdevately, locking regulating and safety fittings and connecting details and an automation equipment.
Specialists of the center project (the license gosvodxoza), a complete set, construction of systems of a drop irrigation with underground, land and elevated (on a lane) placement of irrigation pipelines. Annually the center projects and builds more than 300 hectares of systems of a microirrigation.
Thus for a complete set of systems means of national and own production are used generally, and foreign (Israeli, American, Greek, French) are used only not having absence of domestic analogs or at will of the customer.
Besides, we train conducting warranty and field service of the equipment the personnel, we conduct agrotechnological support of projects.
Now gardeners and wine-growers were convinced that creation of high-intensity plantings of fruit and berry cultures probably in the Crimea only under condition of their irrigation.
Century Lyashevsky, director of KNITs IGIM UAAN, Candidate of Technical Sciences, V. Storchous, manager of laboratory of a microirrigation and equipment of watering of KNITs IGIM UAAN, candidate of agricultural sciences.