In this publication it is a question of the biogas installations developing biogas and biofertilizers from a waste of agricultural industry by oxygen-free fermentation. Biogas can be used for cooking, heating. It can burn, accumulate, pump over, to be used for filling of the car or to sell to neighbors.
Use of sbalanstrovanny non-polluting liquid or firm biofertilizers without nitrates, seeds of weeds, pathogenic microflora, eggs gelmintov increases productivity for 30-50 %.
What is the biogas installation?
Biogas installation develops biogas and a bioudobreyoniya from a waste of agricultural industry by oxygen-free fermentation. A waste of plants, a silo, straw, gniyoly grain, manure of cattle, pigs, a kuyoriny dung, sewer drains, fats, a biowaste, a waste of slaughter-houses, the food industry and gardening, a soyolodovy deposit, an oil cake can be raw materials.
What benefits from biogas installation?
First of all processing of a waste of agricultural industry and manure – is system of cleaning, which thus also prinosit profit. Processing of a waste at the same time in big kolichestvax gives you clarification from a biowaste, biogas, an electricity, heat, fertilizers.
All higher the listed is developed almost at nuleyovy prime cost. After all manure free, and actually installation on itself uses only 10-15 % of energy. For work (service) of very big installation dostatochyono one worker and two business hours in day.
From 1 ton of manure it is possible to receive:
50 m3 biogases – 40 UAH., 100 kW of an elektroyenergiya – 27 UAH., 100 kW of heat – 10 UAH., 0,9 t of biofertilizer – 300 UAH., together 377 UAH.
If your farm gives 1 ton of manure a day, in a year you simply throw out about 130 thousand UAH. in five years this sum will make 650 thousand UAH.
In Germany is neskolko hundred installations which work only at a kukuyoruzny silo and specially develop gas and an elektroyoenergiya. For Ukraine such installation can be favorable only in an overtime of a waste, instead of a silo which specially develop from corn.
Utilization or clarification
Usual manure can’t be used as fertilizer for 3-5 years. When using usual otstojnikov, musornik and lagoons the filtrate often gets to gruntoyovy waters from what people and animals are ill. The sizes of lagoons huge and smells from them proceed the corresponding.
When using biogas installation manure wanders, and the rewandering weight can be used at once as fertilizer. The area of biogas installation is less ploshhadi than a lagoon in some tens times. Thus, except clarification it is possible also more effectively to use the zemelyyony areas.
It is also possible to express clarification in money. You can estimate, for example, how many there is a treatment of animals. Using clarification system, you will make so that your zhiyovotny and you will be ill less and will spend less money for drugs.
Biogas
In the course of fermentation from a biowaste it is developed biogaz. It can be used for preparation pishhi, heating. It can be liquefied, accumulated, perekachivat, to use for filling of the car or prodavat to neighbors.
Reference: what is the biogas?
Biogas – is gas, which approximately for 60 % sostoit from CH4 and for 40 % – from CO2 carbon dioxide. Word synonyms biogas are such words as sewer gas, mine gas and marsh gas, "gas-methane". Raznoobyoraznye species of microorganisms metaboliziruyut carbon from organic substrata in oxygen-free conditions (anayoerobno). This process of so-called rotting or bezkisyolorodny fermentation follows a power-supply circuit.
The gas make can be big if to add dopolyonitelno a waste of vegetative weight. The price in the last two years rose in 3,5 times. In total ponimayut that the further rise in price of gas in Ukraine is considerable and inevitable. But as it is surprising, the majority doesn’t think of rise in price consequences concerning itself, the family and business.
In many settlements still there is no gas, it is brought in cylinders and it costs expensive. And on prokladyvayony kilometers of the gas pipeline million dollars are necessary. Instead of building gas pipelines, for same or dazhe for smaller means it is possible to construct biogas ustayonovka. From the gas pipeline it is necessary to pay for gas, and that from biogas installation – always free.
Electric power
From 1 m3 biogas in the generator it is possible to develop from 3 to 8 kw/2 of the electric power.
The electric power in the world costs 10 cents for 1 kw. At us poka only 5 cents. Considering that tvely (the raw materials for nuclear reactors) – Russian, the Ukrainian electric power most likely, wait destiny of gas.
Warmly
Warmly from cooling of the generator or from combustion of biogas it is possible to use for heating of a farm, houses, drying of seeds, receiving boiled water for the maintenance of cattle. Many think that warm water isn’t necessary to them. And in a deystviyotelnost, for example, if to a cow to give to drink warm water, it will give more qualitative milk and will be ill it is less.
Near biogas installations it is possible to restore and establish new hothouses.
Fertilizers
Weight which perebrodila – is ready non-polluting liquid or firm biofertilizers without nitrates, semyan weeds, pathogenic microflora, eggs gelmintov, speyotsifichesky smells. When using such sbalansiroyovanny biofertilizers productivity raises for 30-50 %.
People annually buy and carry from far away expensive fertilizers. And they, absolutely nearby and besides – the best. Bioyogazovy installation gives fertilizers of the highest quality, and their sebestoyoimost is equal 0. Biogas installation develops them every day.
Structure of biogas installation
1. Navozokhranilishche.
2. System of loading of a biomass.
3. Reactor.
4. Dobrazhivaniye reactor.
5. Substrater.
6. Heating system.
7. Power plant.
8. Automatic equipment and control system.
9. System of gas pipelines.
Principle of work of the equipment
Manure from surrounding farms bring on a biogas usyotanovka by trucks or pump over pumps. Or, if installation small, manure gathers in a cesspool (collection) near the reactor. From the collection the reactor besyopreryvno is filled by means of a pomp.
Waste of vegetative weight, for example, straw or druyogy coenzymes, bring by trucks, them razgruzhayut in the closed collections (cesspools) which are, usually, closed for reduction of unpleasant smells and open them only for addition of coenzymes. For effective reduction of smells delivery sometimes occurs in the closed capacity. At first koferyoment get enough sleep milled), homogenized and mix up with a manure/dung. Homogenization chayoshche all occurs at temperature 70°S for one hour at the maximum size of a particle 1 see Goyomogenizatsy to manure occurs in the tank with moshhnymi mixers.
Actually the reactor is gas-tight, with completely tight tank from steel or reinforced concrete. This design teploizoliruetsya as inside rezervuara there should be for microorganisms a fixed temperature. It can be mezofilny (pribliziyotelno 35°S), or termofilny (approximately 55°S). In the reactor the mixer, which ispolzuetsya for complete hashing of contents of a reyoaktor is placed. Sometimes hashing is carried out mikseyory, placed in the cover center, and sometimes – and pogruyozhenny mixers.
The operator should be sure that there are no conditions for emergence of floating balls or a deposit. In addition, mikyoroorganizm should be provided by all neobxodimymi nutrients. Fresh manure can podavatsya in the reactor in the small portions several times a day. Average duration of a hydraulic otstaiyovaniye in the reactor (depending on substrata) – 20-40 days. Throughout this time organic veyoshchestvo in manure metaboliziruyutsya (turn) microorganisms.
On an exit we have two products: biogas and substratum (komposyotirovanny and liquid). The last remains in a standaryotny tanker for storage of fertilizers. In Germany this komyopostirovanny substratum use as fertilizer because of vyyosoky concentration of ammonia (NH4). And biogas keep in a gazyogolder, a special vessel for gas storage. Here, in a gas-holder, pressure and composition of gas are leveled. From a gas-holder there is a continuous supply of gas to the gas or diesel and gas engine generator. Here vyrabatyvaetsya heat and electric power. Sometimes capacity mozhet to reach several MWt. Large biogas ustayonovka have emergency torch installations if engines don’t work and biogas needs to be burned. The gas system can include the fan, a kondensatootvodnik, a desulfalizator, etc. Everything is supervised by an ustyoroystvo for control of gas installation.
All system automatic equipment operates. For an upyoravleniye it is enough only one worker for two hours per day. This worker supervises process by means of the ordinary computer, and it on a tractor submits a biomass. After fortnight training the person can work at installation without certain skills, that is after school or technical school even.
Where such biogas installations work
In six years the German firm constructed and put in action 82 installations in Germany. Now through the Ukrainian representation the firm has possibility to construct such installations and in Ukraine.
We want to pay your attention that installations, koyotory are offered, aren’t experimental. This German equipment which works nayodezhno and is checked.
Financial aspects
Cost of the equipment depends on capacity and a komyoplektatsiya. Is inappropriate to put, for example, big generayotor, if requirements of an economy small. For energeyotichesky calculation and cost it is necessary to know: quantity of the heads of animals and quantity of an available biomass, need for biogas, electric power. An average payback period of the project – 3-4 years.
It is not obligatory even to have all necessary sum. It is necessary to show serious intentions at least for 15-25 %. For the remained, 85-75 %, it is possible to obtain the credit under 8-10 % per annum for 5 years on the security of the equipment.
Equipment cost over the last 5 years umenshilas several times and is quite moderate now. The project pays off, as you don’t need to pay for gas any more, the electric power, warm water, fertilizers. This money goes on repayment of the credit or it is simple to you as profit if you enclosed at once all means.
And at last it would be desirable to pay attention to the such: different institutes and umelyyoets can offer biogazoyovy installations. But it is not necessary, that someone made experiments at your expense. Under the name biogas installation to you can offer at all system, and simply capacity, without sisyoty loadings, hashing, without gas system, without a geyonerator, without the monitoring system and automatic equipment. Making of the decision on building of biogas installation, neobxodimo to take an interest not only power data, but also structure and functioning of systems.
(On magazine materials The house, a garden, a kitchen garden).