In this article it is a question of sunflower. The grades of plants recommended for distribution in Ukraine are listed.
It is a question of sunflower. On the origin sunflower – a plant of steppe regions of North America. To Europe the sunflower was delivered after discovery of America, at the beginning of XVIveka and kultivirovalsya at first as decorative rasteyony and for the sake of edible seeds, which upotreblyali as a delicacy. Introduction in culture of sunflower as olive plant nachalos only in the middle of XIXveka.
Today sunflower – one of the main crops in Ukraine and the leading olive culture occupying the considerable areas. Increase of productivity and stability of production of sunflower oil first of all depends on providing branch with high-quality resources. Sortoispytatelyami Ukrainy is led a lot of work on formation of high-quality structure of this culture. The hybrid conveyor of cultivation of sunflower in which early hybrids make 20 %, early ripe – 50 %, sredneranny – 20 %, srednepozdny – 10 % is created.
Increase of specific weight of early and early ripe hybrids gave the chance to avoid additional processings yadoximikatami. Besides, the hybrids entering into this group of ripeness, in a smaller measure are surprised gnilyami.
Extremely intense competition in the market of hybrids of sunflower did obviously good to domestic selection. Along with hybrids with the high content of oil there were hybrids of a special purpose. It is necessary to give attention to domestic hybrids of the Kharkov selection – Aeneas, Dary, Ant; the Odessa – Odor; the Zaporozhye – the Slav. All these hybrids with the raised content of olein acid.
Since 2007 are entered into the Register also the Monarch (Novi a garden), the Tax Code Ferti Oleik (France, Singenta), Kongres (Novi a garden). Expansion of the areas under these hybrids will give the chance to reduce dependence on an import of olive oil. It is necessary to consider only that if in an economy the hybrid with the high content of olein acid is sowed, it is necessary for it to provide spatial isolation.
Today demand for confectionery sunflower Eureka of ml and an early ripe hybrid Diamond (The Nikolaev area) allow to satisfy an early Odessa hybrid. New grades and hybrids have high potential of productivity and collecting oil from unit of area, are focused on precocity and resistance to the main pathogens and wreckers, differ high uniformity on morphological signs.
In the Register of grades of the plants suitable for distribution across Ukraine, it is brought 177 grades and sunflower hybrids, from them recommended on a steppe zone – 92.
It is necessary to note that the potential of a grade (hybrid) of any culture is best of all used within the first five years of its cultivation. At selection of a grade it is necessary to pay attention to this factor.
From early hybrids we recommend to stop the choice on such, as the Canoe, the Slavutich (Zaporozhye), Capture, the Phlox, Syayvo (Odessa).
From early ripe hybrids pay attention to the such: The announcement, Oliver 90 (Odessa), the last is steady to zarazixe and false and mealy dew; Etude (Kharkov), Zaporozhye 32 (Zaporozhye), hybrid Alice (France, Evralis Semans), Typhoon (Rostov region).
Hybrids of new generation Rome and Rimisol (Yugoslavia, Novi a garden) show stability to herbicides of continuous action. Since 2007 new hybrids are entered into the Register, tolerant to fomopsisu – Rusich (Zaporozhye) and Yason (Kharkov).
On sredneranny group of maturing of new hybrids to the Crimean fields most suit the Gene (Yugoslavia), Milutin (Gardens of Ukraine, Kharkov), Gelio’s KVS 03 (Germany), Terminator, Pesma (Novi a garden).
The mid-season group – is hybrids of LG 5634, LG 5660 (Sedeks, France), Macau (Maysadur Semans Frantsiya), Hortitsa (Novi a garden), Sanay (France).
Today high-quality resources allow each economy, proceeding from the financial and agrotechnological possibilities, to make a right choice. That expenses paid off and hopes of a crop came true, the grade should be surely entered in the Register of grades of the plants suitable for distribution across Ukraine and is recommended for cultivation in our steppe zone. The pursuit for widely advertized, but the grades not checked in a sortoispytaniye, often leads to unjustified risk. There are examples when farms, without feeling sorry for means, take the best grades, for example, in Russia, and burn through … Getting such grade, the buyer doesn’t know his features of growth and development in our region. Having missed a critical phase, without having executed certain receptions of technology of cultivation, the producer loses his potential and incurs losses. Therefore before grade purchase always it is necessary to consult with sortoispytatel, to look, as he conducts itself(himself) in specific conditions.
On all arising questions, connected with grades, it is necessary to address in the State center of examination of grades of plants of ARK, contact phones: 25-04-42; 25-23-67. Our experts will help to make a right choice and to provide additional information. The areas shouldn’t be sowed with unknown grades today. Search of the best grades will be continued in the course of performance of scientific and technical examination of grades of plants in the current year.
A.Zakalichnaya, the chief of the State center of examination of grades of plants of ARK with the state inspectorate for protection of the rights to grades of plants of ARK.