In this article advantages of resource-saving technology of processing of the soil in the Crimea are noted.
The subject of need of introduction of the minimum technology of processing of the soil in the Crimea repeatedly rose on pages of many editions of the peninsula, and in October of last year with participation of representatives of the Canadian-Ukrainian Grain project Day of a field in JV Oktyabrskoye of the Krasnogvardeysky area was spent. However droughty 2007 radically didn’t change thinking of farmers, didn’t give a reason for categorical transition to resource-saving technologies.
What includes concept resource-saving technology?
We know that in the south the main resource of the earth – productive moisture. Here it is under our conditions most important for keeping that and rationally to spend for a crop. To achieve it it is possible, having reduced to a minimum spring-and-summer drying-up machining of the soil.
Certainly, on the one hand, it is difficult to itself to present agriculture without a plowed land, cultivations, and with another – very many think of high cost of steam system of agriculture, over combination of many technological operations which don’t give due economic effect. Yes, problem fields are necessary for passing through steam, but their cleaning of weeds herbicides Glifosadna of group better turns out. It is more effective and in fight against weeds, and in obtaining the income from hectare.
At the same time, transition to the minimum technology doesn’t provide instant replacement of tools and cars. In a transition period it is possible to use and available equipment. It is necessary to define accurately that doesn’t satisfy in the technology applied by an economy, and to predict the solution of problems by means of the minimum technology, to know its strengths, to provide problems which can arise, ways of their decision.
Big positive indicator in the minimum technology of processing of the soil, farmers call now economy of fuel resources.
Indicators of economic efficiency of cultivation grain on traditional and minimum technologies:
Apparently, problems are solved: increases of efficiency of tractor park, use of shirokozakhvatny tools, economy of fuels and lubricants. Resources on export of the pozhnivny remains (straw) and their accumulation in the soil as organic chemistry are saved, influence of a wind erosion decreases, natural water, air, temperature modes of the soil remain. Very important and eradication of weeds on depth the 8-10th, not a vypakhivaniye of seeds from a deep water though it assumes intensive application of herbicides for destruction of weeds in a processed layer. It will give the chance to pass easily further to organic agriculture.
It is necessary to give special attention podkormkam mineral fertilizers as organic fertilizers don’t work in this system.
Why we don’t speak about zero technology in the Crimea? There is a good experience of many farms, in particular JV Oktyabrskoye. After small crushing and straw scattering during cleaning, following (and this main thing) it is necessary to bring to centner of nitric fertilizers and zadiskovyvat them. Residual moisture in the soil is thus closed, microbiological processes remain, soil drying, omertvleny it isn’t allowed. A summer precipitation stimulates process of a peregnivaniye of the closed-up straw even without addition of bioregulators which appeared in the Ukrainian agriculture.
For introduction of the minimum technology the individual approach of experts in each economy is necessary. However in any of them not to do without the import equipment providing high quality of technological operations. Poseyannye now seeds of a winter rape in JV Oktyabrskoye a sowing complex: – a tractor – John Dir, a seeder-1895 - were closed up on depth 2sm with an interval the 5-7th. Now rape plants as brothers twins – strong, leveled to blossom and will ripen at the same time.
I think that John the Dirovsky combine can without loss with high efficiency – 20-25ga in day – to clean any crops of a rape. By the way, John Dir provides a full set of equipment for the minimum technology of processing of the soil: seeders 750A, 1590, 1890, 1895, kompaktomaty, disk harrows, cultivators, glubokorykhlitel. Already today traders conclude contracts on purchase of commodity seeds of a rape at the price of 2500-2700 UAH / tn.
And about one. On the minimum technology in many countries for a long time cultivate practically all cultures. There can be a corn on "minimalka" and gives productivity for 10-15 % less, than on a plowed land, but an economic benefit all the same considerable.
It is necessary to begin, be convinced, and, maybe, to invent something new, the best, more favorable to your economy. Try. Good luck to us.
CENTURY. WHITE,
director of KF JSC Company "Rayz",
honored worker of agricultural industry of AR Crimea