In this publication the author acquaints the reader with methods of obtaining energy of a phytogenesis by transformation into energy of potential cultural and wild a raznotraviya. Such source is updated, in an oil counterbalance, to coal, natural gas. Experience of use of biogas in the European countries is offered. The special attention is deserved by experience of production of biogas in a farm by means of biogas installation as raw materials for which the Sudanese grass serves.
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The twentieth century was for mankind the period of intensive search of alternative power sources. Scientists and practicians with hope investigated and nowadays continue to look for methods of obtaining energy of a phytogenesis. Banal burning of wood, and transformation into energy of potential cultural and wild raznotravya means not. And this search natural. After all such source renews, in an oil counterbalance, to coal, natural gas.
Soya gasoline
For today results of production of fuel for internal combustion engines from a soya and a rape are rather successful. And they, as we know, work not only "hearts" of cars, but also engines of figurative power plants of various capacity. Though, however, search of fuel is conducted rather for autoengines. And though vegetative is meanwhile twice more expensive, than products of distillation of oil, in the USA, for example, he can be bought freely at filling stations in resort recreation areas. Especially in what are located in places of amateur fishing. There health-resort visitors go on certain expenses less to pollute combustion products environment of own rest. With "Soya gasoline fill tanks of cars, motor boats. Burn it even for dwelling and cooking heating, for production of the independent electric power.
Energy with raznotravya
Green material of herbs without the content of oil prevails on a planet. From it it is possible to receive biogas which after a while to burn for electricity generation. In this direction intensive searches are conducted, designers work over creation of economic installations.
It is known that biogas represents a methane mix, carbon dioxide, and also insignificant volumes of hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide. Gas obrazovyvaetsya in specially designed capacities for fermentation. Conditions for its emergence – allocation of oxygen and existence of microorganisms which do possible decomposition of an organic substance therefore biogas is formed.
Today the technology already is so studied that not only an organic waste of the food industry, but also and agricultural industry give in to processing without problems.
Reference
Methane – useful making biogas for energy production. Its part in total amount of gas makes from 60 to 75 percent. At mini-power plants of block type it turns into energy and heat. The last is used for heating of rooms, for heating of hot water or moves in a network of the local or centralized heat supply. Mechanical force by means of generators turns into electric energy – a current. The last, for example, in Austria, – moves in the general network. Tariff receipts for supply of electricity serve many owners / ekspluatacionnikam biogas installations as an additional source of profit.
For creation of artificial biogas which in the nature is known as marsh, scientists started at the beginning of the twentieth century. After the Second World War these efforts gained special intensity, first of all in Germany and France. But because of the low prices for oil they came to naught soon. And only fuel crisis of 1973 helped to return almost forgotten technology. Today in Europe more than one thousand installations on production of biogas is maintained.
The European practice shows that biogas not only a fine source warm and the electric power. After the corresponding otchistka he can move in the liquefied look as fuel for engines.
The big future predict as well to fuel elements of a food (TEP) on the basis of biogas. In particular, the NEC company (Austria) already developed such elementdlya uses in figurative/mobile devices. New TEP represents capacity, almost in 10 times exceeding this indicator of the equal lithium accumulator. And it can mean, for example, that the future of mobile processors can make some days of continuous work.
Together with it, near high technologies, continue to develop biogas technologies for additional charge of accumulators which are used in figurative electrotools most of different function. Interesting information in this plan: the American scientists and process engineers develop compact (i.e. mobile) biogas zapravny points. For fermentation and the technical equipment of installation it will be possible to establish small capacities directly on the areas occupied with raw materials. Let’s tell, on the same meadows, near a bog to process in energy a cane and some other plants. And process of fermentation will be accelerated by special connections which serve as an additional nutrient medium for microorganisms.
Grassy electric power of the farmer
Searches of scientists, the practician of production workers, undoubtedly, are worthy. But, as shows foreign experiment that there simple farmers are engaged in production also. So, in Burgenlanda (Austria) in 1999 biogas installation which established on a farmer farmstead was accepted in operation. For all year it is provided with raw materials – a Sudanese grass – a type of millet of the African origin. Thus, installation develops the electric power in volume of 500000 kW/hours a year. It on the average answers annual requirement of 100 Austrian house farms. The owner of this installation is satisfied: "This" Sudanese grass resistant and unpretentious, well grows even in the poor district on water. Gives big crops. So, the more it is possible to submit a biomass to biogas installation, the it is possible to develop gas more and, respectively, more considerable will be receipts from electric power sale
It is necessary to note also that a waste, products of activity of this biogas installation again move in the form of liquid on meadows and promote thus to appreciable increase in a humus. A desirable side effect thus – approached to natural processing of the earth which promotes protection of soils against water. One agricultural enterprise (farm) in a condition to grow up on the area of 35 hectares a grass for production of nearly 500000 CBM of biogas.
In the conditions of advanced agricultural production in Austria when under a plowed land all is taken away possible for this purpose the earth, for production of biogas it is necessary to sow cultural herbs. In Ukraine, the author considers, the problem isn’t present. Raznotravya on neugodiya will suffice for any on capacity of biogas installation. But here only a problem where it to get. Domestic scientists only started problem studying. But machine building plants could begin their production according to the license of the same Austrian colleagues.
On newspaper materials To Fermerska hospodariate).