Article is devoted to the analysis of new energy saving technologies at preparation of forages in agro-industrial complex. In it it is told about inefficient use of vehicles in transit cargoes with low density which in structure of transportations in agricultural production occupy big specific weight.
Article is intended for agricultural producers of various form of ownership.
In the conditions of an acute energy crisis which is observed now in all branches of a national economy of Ukraine, search and introduction of new energy saving technologies gets especially relevance
In the conditions of an acute energy crisis which is observed now in all branches of a national economy of Ukraine, search and introduction of new energy saving technologies gets especially relevance.
Looking through technologies of preparation of forages which developed in agrarian and industrial complex of Ukraine the last decades, it is possible to note that ways of decrease in power consumption of engineering procedures still far aren’t settled. Let’s consider some of them.
1. In cost of products of agrarian and industrial complex the considerable part of production expenses is made by transportation costs – to 30 % of the general expenses.
In most cases vehicles are used inefficiently.
First of all it concerns cargoes with low density which in structure of transportations in agricultural production occupy big specific weight. This hay, straw, senazh, green material, etc. which volumes of transportations make million tons. For their transportations use different vehicles – universal tractor trailers and cars with small capacity of a body (5-10 m3) therefore the efficiency of their loading capacity makes from 0,3 to 0,5 that leads to an excessive consumption of fuel and work. Besides, use of motor transport on short distances of transportations (3-5 km) in field conditions leads to an excessive consumption of fuel.
The insufficient capacity of vehicles provides decrease in replaceable productivity of kormouborochny combines, especially average and power saturated classes. It is established that as a result of use of vehicles with insufficient capacity of a body even when providing with trailers in enough replaceable productivity of the combine decreases for 7-10 % (at the expense of increase in technological stops at transport replacement).
For example, tractor trailers in capacity 20 m3 are necessary for combine service with capacity of a drive of 100-150 kW (KSK-100A, Soiled-125), with capacity of a drive of 150-250 kW (To – G-6 "Polesye-250", "Jaguar-850", "Maral"-190) – to 40 m3.
Trailers loading capacity of 6 t and in body capacity 20m3 PSE-20 are made by JSC Rovnoselmash.
2. The traditional technology of preparation of forages for daily providing farms with sterns includes such operations in the spring-and-summer period: a skashivaniye of green material with its simultaneous crushing and loading in vehicles (cattlefeeders or trailers), weight transportation on farms and its distribution to cattle. Humidity of weight thus makes 75-80 %. If these forages after a skashivaniye not to crush, and to leave in the field for a provyalivaniye to humidity of 55-60 %, and then to pick up and transport to farms, the volume of forages for transportation will decrease in weight almost in 2 times.
Selection of the pro-dried weight can be carried out the same combines, as at traditional technology (KRP – F-2, "Ros-2", KPI – F-2,4A, etc.) or by means of rolled pressov and pressov large-sized pak and with the subsequent distribution of forages on fodder tables. Thus there is one more source of economy of energy consumption – operation of crushing of weight is excluded. In small farms for a weight selection economically expedient use of trailers – sorters – grinders is represented. Such trailers are widely used in farms of the countries of the West and made by worldfamous firms "Claas", "DeutzFohr", "Kemper", "Pottinger", "Krone", etc.
At application of technology of preparation of green forages for daily providing farms with provyalivaniye operation, there are also accompanying sources of economy of expenses: work, combustible in transit fuels and lubricants from oil depots in farms, etc.
3. Corn on a silo at us start to prepare in a phase of dairy and dairy and wax ripeness of grain when humidity of weight makes to 80 %. At the same time the optimum period for cleaning the end of a phase of wax ripeness, when moisture content in raw materials of 60-65 % is best of all. In this phase of development the exit of fodder units with 1 hectare of crops increases in 1,6-1,7 times and makes to 15 t/hectares.
Silo preparation in a late phase of vegetation of corn, except increase in amount of nutrients and improvement of its quality, will allow to receive economy of expenses of energy carriers in transit the forages which volume on weight decreases in 1,5-2 times at the expense of humidity reduction with 80 to 60-65 %. At KRS livestock in collective farms as of 2005 the annual economy can make about 3 million heads to 4 thousand t of diesel fuel (in transit a silo on distance of 3 km PSE-20 trailers).
Thus, optimization of structure of park of vehicles, introduction of new technological operations at preparation of green forages, the organization of preparation of a corn silo in a late phase of vegetation of plants will allow to lower expenses of energy carriers essentially.
(On magazine materials Equipment of agrarian and industrial complex).