On the basis of an educational pilot farm "Communard" of the Simferopol area took place a seminar. Questions on carrying out a complex of spring field works were considered.
Reorganization 2002
At the initiative of management of agroindustrial development of the Simferopol area, doradchy services of the Southern branch of National university of bioresources and environmental management of Ukraine (the Crimean Agrotechnological University) and the Crimean state agrarian educational advice center on the basis of an educational pilot farm "Communard" took place a seminar on which questions of carrying out a complex of spring field works were considered. The chief of regional management of agroindustrial development of Century of N of Zakalichny, the head of department of development of agroindustrial production A.A.Mishchuk, scientists of the A.A agrotechnological university took part in work of a seminar. Gapiyenko, Accusative of Gordiyenko,
I.M.Gachkov, N. G. Valeev, S. V. Lykov, heads of regional services, main agriculturists and agriculturists-seed growers of farms, heads farmer and owners of personal country farms of the area.
The practical part of a seminar was devoted to definition of a condition of crops of winter crops after rewintering.
The associate professor of protection of plants of agrouniversity, the candidate of agricultural sciences of N. G. Valeev told about a technique of inspection of crops on population diseases and wreckers, determination of threshold number of the last and about what system of protection of plants is necessary for applying.
Mealy dew, gelmintosporioz and a brown rust are found on crops of winter wheat in the quantity which is not exceeding a threshold of economic injuriousness. On crops of winter barley the insignificant quantity of the plants, infected gelmintosporiozy and mealy dew is also revealed. Recommendations about inspection of fields are made, it is recommended to watch a fytosanitory condition of crops and what at achievement of a threshold of economic injuriousness to apply fungicidy in a lateral mix with herbicides also constantly.
On a plenary part the report About tasks of the organization of carrying out a complex of spring and field works was made by the head of department of development of agroindustrial production of UAPR A.A. Mishchuk. It informed participants of meeting about executed in area farms works, told that else it is necessary to make for a successful conclusion of a spring sowing campaign.
On the crop’s eve of 2009 winter poseyany on the square of 46 thousand hectares, including at grain – on 43,1 thousand hectares. It is necessary to sow summer 12,3 thousand more hectares, including on grain – 3,8 thousand hectares. It is planned early grain to finish gross collecting to 147 thousand t at productivity of 31,3 c/hectares.
The head of the department of agrochemistry of agrouniversity, the candidate of agricultural sciences, professor A.A.Gapiyenko noticed that under weather conditions of this year top dressing of the winter should be already complete. Moisture stocks in the soil small – 70-80 cm of a promachivaniye, in the Saksky area and that are less, on separate fields where there were not steam predecessors, only 30-40 see. And at a lack of moisture of the soil application of fertilizers is inefficient and, if to consider very high cost of mineral fertilizers, is economically inexpedient.
In recent years "dancing" of the prices for fertilizers – in the autumn they lower, than during other periods of year is observed. For normal development winter grain it is necessary, that in the soil there were 90-150 mm of productive moisture. At the contents in 100 g of the soil introduction of nitric fertilizers inefficiently and if in 100 g of its soil contains from 3 to 6 mg, phosphoric fertilizers it is not necessary to bring less than 1 mg of phosphorus.
Our soils are provided with potassium for 96 %, and nitrogen on depth not less than 1 m in 100 g of the soil contains 120 mg. It is enough of it for receiving qualitative grain, at smaller quantity of this element the klassnost of grain will be low.
On all fields there should be cartograms of the content of mobile nutrients in the soil.
The minimum norm of introduction of nitric fertilizers – on 1 hectare, at their smaller quantity of an increase of a crop it is not necessary to expect 30-35 kg of of century, since nitrogen is spent for increase in vegetative weight. The carbamide and urea is necessary for using in early terms, before the increased temperatures. Ways of introduction of mineral fertilizers – on a method Buznitsky.
Growth factors are necessary for applying on the fertilized fields, otherwise the expected effect won’t be.
Under sowing of summer cultures in the conditions of the current year the head of the department of agriculture of agrouniversity, the doctor of agricultural sciences, the professor of Accusative Gordiyenko devoted to ways of preparation of the soil the performance.
Paramount task at carrying out this work:
– moisture preservation in the top sowing layer of earth;
– destruction of weeds;
– bed creation for seeds.
To process the soil it is necessary on depth of seal of seeds. The gap between its processing and culture sowing is inadmissible. For improvement of quality of seal of seeds the surface of the soil should be leveled. Reduction of consolidation of the soil by wheels of a tractor is promoted by use of shirokozakhvatny units. For this purpose it is necessary to apply at least two seeders in the sowing unit equipped with markers.
On fields, pure from weeds to keep moisture, it is possible to manage one preseeding cultivation. Before sowing of melkosemenny cultures it is expedient to carry out prikatyvany soils.
The associate professor of plant growing, the candidate of agricultural sciences S. V. Lykov informed on a condition of crops of winter crops. According to inspection as he noted, crops of winter crops now are in a good, average and satisfactory condition. For good crops existence of 3-4 even-aged escapes and well developed root system are characteristic.
In recent years, in connection with a global drowning, mid-annual air temperature already raised on 0,6ºS. It led to that in the Crimea the autumn period is extended, the winter becomes softer, and the probability of approach of spring frosts moves for later term. Not to consider these changes it is impossible, since it will lead to serious consequences (damage, death of plants, a yield loss).
The crop of the winter is put in the autumn. During this period the ear size is formed. At a spring kushcheniye productivity of winter crops sharply decreases.
It is necessary to give special attention to selection of grades. Now firms offer more than 40 grades of winter wheat and barley. Many of them aren’t studied under our conditions and not included in the State register. The farmers who have chosen any of such grades, risk to have considerable losses in productivity.
The major task during care of crops – preservation as is possible bigger quantity of green leaves in grain formation. Their death from adverse conditions, conducts damage by wreckers and diseases to sharp decrease in a crop, at expected productivity of 40 c/hectares – to 25 c/hectares and below. The reason for that – decrease in intensity of photosynthesis.
The associate professor of plant growing of agrouniversity, the candidate of agricultural sciences I.M.Gachkov noted in the performance that from grain grains in the Crimea leading culture – winter wheat. And the best predecessors as whom scientists and experts consider pure and occupied pairs are necessary for it. Busy pairs have different value depending on predecessors. A winter rye on a green forage and senazh – the worst predecessor, instead of it it is necessary to sow a viko-tritikalevy mix which promotes destruction root to the gnily. A winter rape – the good predecessor for winter wheat at his use on a green forage and the worst – when cleaning on seeds. Good predecessors viko-pea mix and esparcet. Espartset is desirable for sowing till March 15, depth of seal of its seeds of 3-4 cm, at depth of seal of 5-6 cm of shoots won’t be. For winter grain agriculturists carry a coriander, mustard to good predecessors gray, flax, a lucerne.
At meeting with messages made a speech: the chief of regional seed inspection T.Yu.Mayorova, the chief of quarantine inspection of Nominative Trufanova, the inspector on protection of plants of I.V.Artemyev, the representative of joint stock company V.P.White’s Rayz company, the representative of JSC Arsenal Kemi A.F.Black.
Participants of meeting exchanged opinions on discussed questions, shared experience, answered numerous questions.
The head of department of agroindustrial development of Century of N of Zakalichny summed up work.
V. Ryabukh, adviser-organizer KGAUKCpo to the Simferopol area,
V. Bondarenko, head of department of IKTs YuF NUBIP Ukrainy (KATU) of the Simferopol area, candidate of agricultural sciences.