The publication is valuable that in it grades with the increased winter hardiness and adapted for conditions of small security of soils moisture are characterized.
Environment of Ukraine it is enough surovy for industrial kultury a peach. Winter morozy, exceeding – 230S, sposobny to put considerable damages, in the first ochered, to floral kidneys. It conducts to loss of a part or vsego a crop. Late spring frosts (-3…-50C and more) also cause a significant damage. Therefore, besides a degree poyovysheniye zimostojkosti and stability to zamorozkam, essential value gets selection or creation of grades with later flowering and an obilyyony laying of floral kidneys.
Are rather severe in the south of Ukraine and a water security condition that is reflected in a laying of floral kidneys and a crop foryomirovaniya. Uchiyotyvy that many persiyokovy gardens should be cultivated without an oroyosheniye or with an ogranichenyony irrigation, it is desirable to use early ripe grades in such cases, sposobyony to yield a harvest and stuff up floral kidneys to a nastupyoleniye of droughty weather.
Now the Nikitsky botanical garden can offer sayozhenets of many grades kostochkovy, including peach, with high commodity kacheyostvo of fruits. From its early ripe grades, in sale by autumn of 2005 postupili saplings Favourites Morettini, Iftikhora, Pushiyostogo early and Starting. If want to get saplings address on ph. (8-0654) 33-55-33.
Favourite Morettini.
Italian grade. Tree silyyonorosly, fast-growing. Krone sprawling. Pobegoobrazovatelny ability high. Forms escapes of all types. Floral kidneys zakladyvayutsya it is moderate. Neobkhodiyoma annual, moderate scrap. Frost resistance of a tree satisfactory, tsvetkoyovy kidneys – lowered. Already at temperature-22…-230C their half, and in the compelled rest, by the end of February perishes, the podmerzaniye can reach 70 %. In separate years a grade considerably povrezhdaetsya mealy dew. Otlichiyotelna its feature are the samoplodnost and a skoroplodnost.
Productivity average, 25-30 kg/villages. Fruits of average size (100-120 g), roundish. The main coloring bright yellow, with the bright pokrovyony flush occupying the most part of a fruit. This nayoryadnost provides vysoyoky marketability of production. Myakot cream and yellow, juicy, fragrant. Taste udovletvoriyotelny. A stone of the average size, from pulp not otdelyaetsya. Maturing very early (it is one of the most ranneyospely grades). In polyony efficiency at an overload a crop fruits melchayut also lose taste.
Iftikhor. It is created in the scientific research institute Sayomarkandsky branch of gardening, wine growing and winemaking of P.P. Shredeyora by crops of seeds from svoyobodny pollination of a grade Plentiful. Trees average and tall, from the dense rounded oval sprawling kroyony. In this regard needs in annual normalizing strong a scrap. Flower koyolokolchaty. Grade samoplodyony, winter-hardy, vysokouroyozhayny. Fruits ripen early, in the first decade of July, they average size (100-110 g), roundish, dissymetric. The thin skin with an average opusheniyoy, badly acts in film with myakoti. Coloring yellow, with a karmiyonovy flush, zanimayuyoshchy to 80 % of a surface. Pulp yellow, dense, with pleasant aroma. Taste garyomonichny. A stone not otdelyaetsya from pulp.
The fluffy early. The grade is deduced in NBS I.N. Ryabov. A tree silnorosly, with okyorugly zagushchenny krone. Pobegoobrazovatelny spoyosobnost high. Zalozheniye of floral kidneys the plentiful. Due to this feature it is necessary strong ezhegodyony a scrap with removal of lishyony zagushchayushchy escapes. Grade Moyorozostoykost the high. In a dormant period (the end dekabrya) maintains temperature fall to – 280S, and in January, at same temperature, kidneys freeze slightly for 30 %. Shows a good usyotoychivost against mealy dew and klyasterosporioza. Flowering early, prodolzhiyotelny. Flower rozovidny, large. Grade samoplodny. The plodonosheyony enters for the 3rd year. Productivity high, annual, and in 6-year-old vozraste reaches 25-30 kg/villages. Fruits of average size (110 g), roundish. Opusheniye strong, felt, from a fruit at a polyony maturity acts in film legko. The main coloring zelenoyovato-cream, with a karminovy flush in the form of strokes on a bigger surface of a fruit. Pulp white, with a greenish and cream shade, juicy, satisfactory taste.
The starting. Start is created in NBS by a way of crops of seeds, poluchenyony from free pollination of a grade. A tree average and tall, with sprawling srednezagushchenny krone. In peryovy two years it is desirable provodit only green operayotsiya, and the next years – annual for a scrap. A grade ustojchiv to mealy dew. Fructification enters for the 3rd year. Floral kidneys zakladyvaet it is moderate on fruit twigs and buketny branches. Their stability to frosts and frosts the raised. Productivity good, in sredyony 25-30 kg / der, for the 5-6th year of life. Fruits one-dimensional, transportable, large (140-150 g), roundish. A thin skin with gentle omission. The main coloring yellow, with a dim dark red ruyomyanets on the most part ploda. Pulp yellow, dense, pleasant dessert taste.
Kollins. American grade. A tree silnorosly, with raised roundish, average zagushhennoj krone. Floral kidneys evenly raspredeleny on all length of a gain. Therefore it is required annual normalizing a scrap to 2/3 escapes. Frost resistance sredyony. Stability to mealy dew high, to klyasterosporiozu – weak. Floral kidneys are stuffed up plentifully. Tsveteyoniye the early. Flower of kolokolchayoty type. The grade skoroplodny, fructifies from 3rd year of life. Productivity of high, 50-60 kg/villages reaching to 10-year age. Fruits ripen in the 2nd decade of July, weight about 100 g, roundish, not one-dimensional. Thin skin dense. Opusheniye strong, soft. The main okraska yellow, integumentary – razyomyty poyoverkhnost occupying to 80 %. Pulp yellow, sochyony, pleasant dessert in
Redkheyven. American grade. A tree srednerosly, from roundish, average density, kroyony. Considerably is surprised mealy dew and tsitosporozy. Winter hardiness and zasukhoyoustoychivost averages. The Ustoychiyovost to late spring zamorozkam the raised. Flower of koyolokolchaty type.
A time of a ployodonosheniye enters for the 4th year. Average productivity in 6-letnem age makes 40 kg / villages. Fruits ripen at the beginning of August. Their average mass of 140 g, but at an overload a crop strongly become shallow. Therefore nagruzka it should be regulated obrezky or normirovky plodov. Form their roundish or slabo splusnuty. The thin skin with baryokhatisty omission, easily acts in film from a fruit, coloring orange-yellow, with a karminovo-claret flush. Pulp orange-yellow, about a kosyotochka pink, gentle, juicy, fragrant, excellent taste.
Ambassador of the world. Start is created in NBS by a way of crops of seeds from svobodyony pollination of a grade. A tree srednerosly, with okrugyoly sprawling krone. Tsvetyokovye of a kidney plentifully zakladyvaet on all types of escapes, poyoety demands annual noryomiruyushchy scraps. Blossoms poyozdny Gold anniversary, showing stability to vesenyony frosts. Flower kolokolchaty. Stability against mealy dew the raised. Fructifies since 3-4 of life. Productivity good, already in 6 – 8-year age reaches 80-100 c/hectares. Fruits ripen at the beginning of August. Form their okyorugly. Average mass of 160 g. The main coloring yellow, poyokrovny – karminovy, zanimayoyushchy to 80 % of a surface. Pulp yellow, quite plotyony, pleasant harmonious taste.
Gold Moscow (Elber-ta x Salvey). NBS selections. A tree srednerosly, with priyopodnyaty srednezagushchenny krone. Floral kidneys zakladyvaet it is moderate. They are located not densely on all length pobegov. Frost resistance and an usyotoychivost to mealy dew the high. Flowering srednepozdny, stretched. Flower rozoyovidny. In fructification vstupaet early, for the 2-3rd year after landing in a garden. Productivity of annual, 45-50 kg/villages of Ployoda large (150-180 g), shiroyokoovalny. Ripen in the 2nd half of August. The main okraska bright yellow, integumentary – karminovy, washed away with shtrixami and points for 60-70 % of a poyoverkhnost. Pulp golden-yellow, juicy, quite plotyony, fragrant, with a pleasant combination of sugar and acid. The stone more average razyomer, from pulp separates svoyobodno. To remove fruits it is better in 2-3 receptions that increases products exit.
Lebedev (Molozani x Red Verr, Klingom). It is created in NBS. A tree srednerosly, with sharoyovidny, slightly sprawling krone. Fructifies, in osnovyony, on the mixed escapes. Floral kidneys densely raspolozheny on length of escape (in a sootyovetstviye with it, it is necessary their annual truncation), they winter-hardy, maintain poyonizheny temperatures to – 230S. Shows the raised zasuyokhoustoychivost. Poorly porazhaetsya mealy dew and klyasterosporiozy. Flower rozovidyony. Average productivity during a time of complete fructification of 150 c/hectares. Fruits large (150 g), almost spherical. Ripen at the end of August. A thin skin with short velvety opusheniyoy, light-cream. A flush bright, dim, from karminoyovy before claret coloring, zaniyomayushchiya to 1/3 surfaces. Pulp white, with a cream otyotenok, sometimes with antotsianovy streaks, it is reddish the okyorashenny chamber. The stone large, from pulp doesn’t separate. Transportayobelnost good. Fruits are good for all types of a pereyorabotka.
Tourist. It is created in NBS. Deyorevo silnorosly, with raskiyodisty krone. A time of a plodoyonosheniye enters for the 2-3rd year after landing. Zalozheniye of floral kidneys the moderate. In this regard ezheyogodny removal of zagushchayushchy escapes and a normirovka are necessary. The grade is rather steady to klyasterosporiozu and mealy dew. Frost resistance sredyony. Flower kolokolchaty. Productivity high, ezheyogodny, in period a full ployodonosheniye can reach 80-90 kg/villages. Fruits ripen in the 1st decade of September. Form them almost roundish. A thin skin with short velvety the opusheyoniy. The main coloring white, with a cream shade, pokrovyony – bright karminovaya, razyomyty, with strokes, zanimayoyushchy about a half of a poveryokhnost. Pulp white, gentle, quite dense, aromatichyony, pleasant taste. A cavity at a stone of crimson color. Stone large. Among train grades the Tourist zasluzhivaet special attention for vyyosoky flavoring and commodity kayochestvo of fruits.
Crimean autumn (Rochester x Elberta). It is created in NBS. A tree silnorosly, from obratnopiramidalny, average density, krone. Floral kidneys are quite steady against winter frosts and spring frosts. By mealy dew it is damaged slightly. Starts to fructify for the 2-3rd year after landing. Tsvetyokovye stuffs up kidneys umeyorenno on buketny branches and the mixed escapes. A flower rozovidny, Productivity at 8-year age about 30 kg / villages. Fruits ripen in seredine September. They large (160 g), rounded oval. Koyozhitsa with gentle omission. The main coloring yellow, poyokrovny – karminovy, zanimayoyushchy 1/3 surfaces. Pulp dense, yellow, garmonichnogo taste.
Century SMYKOV, honored worker of a science of Ukraine, Winner of an award L.P. Simirenko, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor; And. SMYKOV, head of department of the southern fruit growing of the Nikitsky botanical garden, Winner of an award AR Crimea, candidate of agricultural sciences of NBS, pgt Nikita, Yalta, AR Crimea, 98648.