In article it is offered to limit introduction of chemical fertilizers for enrichment of the soil and to use sideraty. Plants which treat green fertilizers are listed. Recommendations about their application are made.
That to gardeners and truck farmers to bring it is less than chemistry on future crop, it is possible to use not only mineral and oryoganichesky fertilizers for soil enrichment. Some bean cultures and cvety are able to fill a part of that vynesli plants from the soil for the vegetative period. These are so-called green an udobreyoniya – sideraty. Them treat peas, fasol, beans, lentil, Vick, flowers of a lupine and some other.
These plants fix free nitrogen of air, forming on the ends of roots klubenki (azotfiksiruyushchy bacteria). Besides, roots of peas are able to translate badly soluble mineral substances in available to other plants, thereby improving soil structure.
Peas – unpretentious, holodostoyky culture. Through the roots it leaves phosphoric, potassium connections in the soil and is the best predecessor for the majority of vegetable cultures. To sow bean after druyogy bean and nearby it is possible only in 4 – 5 years. Peas can be sowed in row-spacings sadov. This unique green assistant sozrevaet in 40 – 60 days, that is to a full oblistveniye of trees, and it means, crops of peas aren’t shaded by a garden. In the soil at the end of vegetation on roots of peas collects to 1 kg of nitrogen on each hundred part of crops that ravnoyotsenno 150 – 200 kg of manure! There are at peas still pluses: on caloric content it in 1,5 – 2 times prevosxodit other vegetable cultures and soderzhit to 6 – 8 % of proteins and other biologically active substances.
All of us know a beautiful flower a lupine of a seyomeystvo bean as an excellent ornament of a garden! But not much know that on konyoets of roots of a lupine are available same klubenki, as well as for peas. So all recommendations about peas are fair and concerning a lupine.
And now we will pay attention on rasteyoniya-defenders. The tansy, a wormwood, cheremuxa, tagetes not only frighten off vrediteyoly, but also partially replace chemical preparations, completely keeping polezyony fauna in a garden.
Plants frightening off wreckers (as well as substances repellents) it is frequent okazyvayut the invaluable help:
- Barkhatets (tagetes) clear the soil of nematodes and consequently are considered as the best predyoshestvennik before wild strawberry landing;
- faded leaves and the stalks of a chrysanthemum buried in the soil, frighten off a medvedok;
- haricot, beans, peas frighten off provoyolochnik (larvae of bugs-shchelkunov);
- on sites, where poseyany beans, not selyatsya moles;
- fitoncidy (flying aromatic veyoshchestvo), allocated by fennel, frighten off some wreckers. Besides, blossoming fennel and other umbellate involve flies-zhurchalok and the equestrians which larvae parasitize on wreckers. Larvae of flies-zhurchalok are especially gluttonous and istreblyayut gallitsa, a tsikadok (carriers of virus diseases), shchitovka, plant louses, pincers and young caterpillars;
- onions-batun and the leek planted in ryadka between bushes of wild strawberry, a currant, roses, frighten off weevils, ticks, proyovolochnik, reduce partially a porazhennost of plants mealy dew, gray decay;
- poseyanny on a site, especially in pristvolny circles of fruit-trees, (in the people – coriander) frightens off a coriander of wreckers and protects roses from a plant louse. Vyyosushennye stalks and the seeds of this plant which have been spread out in cellars, zimovnik, sarayax, houses, frighten off mice and wood lice.
Barkhattsa use as an ornamental, medicinal, spicy, insecticidal, painting and protivonematodny plant. In Mexico and Africa by means of barkhatets people protect the dwellings from nazoyliyovy flies.
Bright the flower of barkhatets, as well as leaves, really possess specific, a little spicy smell thanks to bolyyoshy quantity fitoncidov. From a grass of these plants prepare infusions and broths for pest control. Thanks to the silyyony aroma barkhatets scare away many wreckers. Barkhattsa it is necessary to put on wild strawberry planyotatsiya, near other flowers and vegetables and especially about asters. The Barkhattsa, planted between wild strawberry, rescue it from a nematode, and cabbage preserve from a povrezhdeyoniya a cabbage fly.
And it is better insecticidal plants zagotavlivat for the future. For this purpose them dry in a shadow on a draft and at appearance of wreckers gotovyat from them solutions. And deflowered bushes of barkhatets can be crushed and dried up. And in the spring, the next year, it is superficial zadelat to the soil round plants. It will enrich the soil and will drive away wreckers.
Barkhattsa are used for fight against a plant louse: 0,5 buckets of small crushed plants zalivayut also draw 10 l of warm water 2 days.
For protection of wild strawberry against the malinno-strawberry weevil and a malinny bug infusion from a wormwood, barkhatets and garlic, and from a strawberry tick in a butonizatsiya – from a tansy, barkhatets and chesnoka is recommended. For spraying of raspberry use infusion of a tansy, barkhatets and garlic at the beginning of blooming of kidneys 2 times with an interval in 10-12 days. In June-July spray from malinnogo a bug infusion of a wormwood, barkhatets and chesnoka.
German gardeners consider that the best plant for pristvolny circles of plodoyovy trees and berry bushes is the nasturtium (2 – 3 plants on sq.m). It ostavlyayut on flowers and seeds, which ispolzuyut in food for preparation of salads. In the winter of a plant die off, but their roots involve earthworms. Besides, a nasturtium osoyobenno recommend to put under apple-trees for scaring away of a green plant louse.
(On materials of printing editions).