In this article recommendations about protective measures of the wreckers directed on destruction and diseases on fruit crops are made.
Article in the newspaper
In the early spring protection of fruit crops is directed on destruction of wreckers and causative agents of the diseases being in a phase of winter rest before they will start to damage plants.
What works should be spent at this time? The first that it is necessary to make – to cut out the dried-up and damaged branches infected with larvae of wreckers, and also mushroom diseases. Cuts smooth out and cover with the oil paint prepared on drying oil. Then follows on a bark of trunks and the main boughs to treat the wounds formed from having broken, morozoboin, damages of rodents. Them smooth out and disinfect one-percentage solution of a copper vitriol.
Kostochkovye breeds (especially an apricot) are more sensitive to frosts. Wood is damaged at temperature from-23 to – 250S, and kidneys at-18 to – 190S, their death to 50 % is possible. To a scrap they are desirable for carrying out to the flowering period.
Semechkovye cultures (especially domestic grades of an apple-tree and a pear) maintain long fall of temperature to – 300S without wood damages whereas kidneys start to perish from-20 to – 220S, during this period can be lost them to 50 %. It is desirable for scrap of these cultures to carry out after preliminary determination of percent of victims of kidneys for what it is necessary to survey not less than 100 kidneys on in advance cut off escapes, after their contents in glass vessels with water and in a warm room. The special attention should be turned on a pestle condition.
According to autumn inspection of gardens, the considerable stock of wintering phases of wreckers is revealed: yaytsekladok of pincers, plant louses, listovertok, silkworms, geometrids. Wintering stages are adapted for the long frosty period as winter in dense cocoons under a bark, on a soil surface, under fallen leaves or in general in the soil. According to researches, the absolute minimum of temperatures for separate types makes:
for a red fruit tick (eggs from the bottom party of escapes winter) to – 350S;
for pear and yablonny listobloshka (the imago in bark crevices) to – 350S, at temperature from – 20S can begin an exit from diapauzy; for a blood plant louse – (larvae of 1-2 age on apple-tree roots) to – 350S;
the gray pochkovy weevil and yablonny cvetoed – successfully winter under our conditions;
caterpillars of a plam plodozhorka – winter in the lower part of a crown, in the absence of snow cover and temperature below – 10 degrees can be lost to 60 % of individuals, this wrecker.
Fall of daily average air temperatures to-25 … – 300S as we see doesn’t affect perniciously a condition of the main wreckers and causative agents of diseases.
Considering told, in all gardens it is necessary to carry out chemical processings before blooming of kidneys DNOKom or a preparation No. 30V. The stock of wintering stages of pathogens after it decreases, as a rule, in 2-3 times.
Preventive combined chemical processing DNOKom (40 % of genitive of page) and a preparation No. 30V k.e. it is necessary to carry out on all cultures not more often than once in 2-3 years at daily average air temperature +50S and above when development of wintering phases of wreckers begins.
We recommend to apply:
DNOK of 40 % of genitive with norm of an expense on an apple-tree and a pear – 15 kg on hectare;
on an apricot, a peach, sweet cherry, a cherry – 10 kg;
Preparation No. 30V k.e. with norm of an expense on an apple-tree and sweet cherry – 60 l on hectare.
In agricultural enterprises where enough these preparations, it is necessary to carry out the combined processings one-percentage DNOKom with three-four percentage preparation No. 30é to. e.
At work with pesticides follows a soblyudattekhnik of safety.
V. Permyakov, the chief of the State inspection of protection of plants of ARK, L.Alekseev, the deputy chief of inspection – the head of department of the HSZR organization.