In this article recommendations about processing of crops of grain crops are made. Names of preparations for fight against weed vegetation and diseases are listed. The concrete combined mixes of herbicides on the basis of two-three active ingredients (lateral mixes) and fungicida are given.
By results of the inspection which has been carried out by experts by the State station of protection of plants, during the autumn period defeat of crops root gnilyami in average degree is revealed. Initial manifestation of mealy dew, by a brown sheet rust on winter wheat, gelmintosporioz on winter barley is noted. Development of diseases was promoted by weather conditions, difference of a temperature mode of air and the soil, infection existence in the soil, agrotechnology violation.
From the above-mentioned diseases, the greatest fear is caused by the root decayed, as in the centers of their manifestation at plants emergence of secondary root system is noted.
In the spring of this year, under favorable weather conditions, manifestation of diseases it is necessary to expect everywhere from weak to strong extent of development.
For preservation of crops and soil improvement, and at establishment +7-+ 80 it is warm, we recommend to carry out chemical processings fungicidami: Fundazol of 50 % for item page – 0,5 kg/l on hectare, at temperature 14-16 With preparations of Impakt of 25 %, page to., Rex 49,7 to. e., A viola of Super 33 %, to. e. – 0,5 kg, l/hectare.
Availability of moisture in a blanket of the soil will promote a contamination weeds to 90 % of the areas of winter crops of a crop of the current year.
At insufficient protection of crops of grain crops against weed vegetation agricultural producers lose 10-20 % of a crop, and on very littered areas of loss increase in 1,5-2 times.
Weeds in an early phase of development when their suppression needs the minimum dose of a preparation are most sensitive to herbicides. The maximum dose is used in that case when on fields types steady against herbicides or the weeds being in late phases of development prevail.
If prevail: annual two-submultiple weeds - crops are necessary for processing at the beginning of a kushcheniye; the long-term korneotpryskovy – in a phase of a full kushcheniye; long-term cereal and korneotpryskovy – before crops;
A large amount of herbicides is applied to fight against weed vegetation, their range is constantly improved and there are more effective.
To apply herbicides it is necessary on the basis of cards of an operative contamination of fields taking into account economic thresholds of injuriousness of weeds, placement of cultures in a crop rotation and their economic use, to be guided thus by selection of preparations taking into account sensitivity of separate types of weeds and crops.
On winter grain spraying by herbicides is necessary for carrying out, since the most developed crops and to carry out to an exit winter to a tube. In the conditions of cool spring at decrease in temperatures to +10 About introduction of preparations on the basis of 2,4 D it will be not effective, therefore it is desirable to process softer herbicides on a basis tribenuronmetila – 75 %, which highly effective at the lowered temperatures, since +5°S (Granstar of 75 % of century of, granstar About century of, an atlant of century of, terrible EL of, gersotil century of, Mercury of century of, the sheriff of century of). It is not recommended to carry out processing of the cultural plants being in a stressful condition (one-stage influence of an external factor – frosts, a drought), preparations on a basis metsulfuron-marked 60 % (gerbilan item page, larep 60 % of page of the item, larep About century of, a magnum of EL of, laroks v.r.g., battle ship of century of, metas item page, saracin item page, range of page of the item) . If temperature +18°S and more, on the developed crops it is possible to bring any preparation, including and on the basis of 2,4 D.Tak zhe it is possible to use herbicides containing in the structure dikambu (dialen super, dikamba forte, difezan). Processing by herbicides, cultural plants being in the weakened condition (after the winter period) it is recommended to carry out with addition of growth factors (Emistim, Mars, Vermisol and others). It will soften a stressful condition of a cultural plant after processing by herbicide.
Perspective reception is application of lateral mixes of the herbicides, actions possessing wider range for example, joint application of cross-country + in polovinny doses (70 ml/hectares + To) úÓ/hectare) allows to destroy granstar to 90 % of a sow-thistle and to 85 % of a bindweed field, at that time, at separate application are effective no more, than for 50 %.
For increase of efficiency of processing of crops from diseases and weeds, we recommend to use the combined mixes of herbicides on the basis of two – three active ingredients (lateral mixes) and fungicida:
The cowboy of 40 % of century of river (60 ml/hectares) + Granstar of 75 %, century of (10 ml/hectares) +Alto 400SC century to. (0,15-0,2½/hectare);
Cross-country of 16,4 %, century of (50 ml/hectares) + Granstar of 75 %, century of. (To) ml/hectare) + Impakt of 25 %, k.s. (0,5 kg/hectares);
Lintur of 70 %, century of (75 g/hectares) + 2,4 D amipny salt of century of river (0,6 l/hectares) +Kolfugo Super century of page (0,5 kg/hectares);
Logran of 75 %, century of (6 g/hectares) + Banvel of 4S 480 SL.B. river to. (0,15 l/hectares) +Reks T since page (0,5-0,75 kg/hectares);
Banvel of 4S 480 SL.b. river to. (0,15 l/hectares) + 2,4 D amiiny salt of century of river (0,6 l/hectares) +topsin M of page of the item (1,0 kg/hectares). Bakovye should prepare mixes of a preparation directly ahead of processing.
Such approach gives the chance to expand a range of action of preparations and to reduce norms of use of active ingredients without loss of biological and economic efficiency and decrease in pesticidal loading. Besides, compound of different herbicides (active ingredients) doesn’t cause emergence of stability of weeds to herbicide.
Recommendations prepared:
V. Permyakov, chief of the state station of protection of plants of ARK, L.Alekseev, main agriculturist, S. Kindruk, manager. laboratories of a forecast and diagnostics, E.Remeslo, senior research associate of the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production.