Continuation. The beginning see in No. 14 from 08.04.2008 and No. 15 from 15.04.2008g.
The importance in determination of expected relative advantage of an innovation belongs to its consumer value. The innovations which advantages are led up to potential consumers quicker take root. It is expedient to direct expenses on market researches on activity of the organizations of scientific and technical information; advertizing of scientific production at exhibitions, conferences, symposiums, television, by radio, in publications of monographs, books, articles, recommendations, brochures, booklets; search of consumers of scientific production; studying of market condition of high technologies on purpose to satisfy demand with innovations according to purchasing power of potential buyers of development.
To stimulate innovative activity, authors consider, it is possible by means of granting to commercial banks of the state guarantee of rather timely return of expenses on NTP; decrease in a rate of the profits tax which receive banks from financing of innovative activity, under conditions of decrease in an interest rate for the credit; compensations of percent on the credits; insurance of the credits provided for innovative projects. It is necessary to create the funding mechanism of innovative activity through system of venture funds.
For the purpose of activization of innovative activity in agroindustrial production, scientists offer: to improve the legislation on regulation of innovative activity; to specify in the Law "About innovative activity" definition of the innovative production protected by patents, copyright certificates and other ways; to finish level of public financing of a science at least to certain norms; to enter system of material stimulation of scientists and inventors on the basis of awarding at the expense of the assignment, the innovations received from realization; to create at scientific institutions modern marketing services; to improve system of transfer of laws of estate on use of objects of intellectual property; to create system of protection of the rights of originator of scientific development; to install system of protection of author’s rights on objects of intellectual property and punishment system for their violation; to offer an order of distribution of the income received from realization of production, between a science and production by settlement of the license relations; to enter concept of a royalty into the Law "About the taxation of profit of the enterprises"; to replace the mechanism of definition of the price of the material carrier of object of intellectual property with the mechanism of payments of a royalty for realization of scientific achievements; to establish accurate terms and guarantees of return of investments of the commercial establishments enclosed in a science, to create the consolidated mortgage fund as guarantees; to provide to the credits allocated under objects of intellectual property, the status of intangible assets and to display them on balance of establishments – originator; to create science and technology parks and to transfer them all rights to objects of intellectual property; in due time to lead up scientific and technical information to agricultural predpriyaty through scientific advice centers. First of all it is necessary to carry out coordination of requirements of the market in scientific development concerning formation of scope of researches and coordination of requirements for volumes of their carrying out.
Creation of science and technology parks on the basis of joint stock company will give the chance to involve the private capital in a science, keeping a controlling stake behind the state. Authors consider, only under the direction of the uniform owner (state) activization of innovative activity of all objects of intellectual property in agroindustrial production is possible. Its mnogosegmentnost and existence of various groups of their creation and consumption is feature of activization of innovations in agrarian and industrial complex. Introduction of scientific development in production, i.e. transformation of innovations into the innovations, connected with formation of the market of scientific and technical products also provides its use for the purpose of achievement of commercial success. Demand of buyers (agrarian and industrial complexes enterprises) for scientific and technical products high, but solvency loss in connection with decline of material base does it hidden.
It is expedient to make use of experience for justification of strategy of activization of innovative activity economically developed countries. In the USA venture business, granting gratuitous loans – grants, especially financings on a competitive basis, application of preferential discounts, establishment of the centers of collecting and processing of information and concentration of scientific shots, a reduction in tax for profit of the companies on carrying out basic researches of contracts, support of material resources of the research centers, implementation of monitoring and forecasting of innovative processes, search of the most effective technologies for wide introduction, encouragement and invention stimulation is successfully used. The special place in the course of financing of innovator of the USA is occupied by the investment funds, about 50 % of investments into an agrarian science arrive from private institutions.
The effektivenmekhanizm of stimulation of activization of innovative activity the vevropeysky countries suffices. Vvelikobritany the system of finansirovaniyanovy undertakings operates most effektivnayavEvrope, vNiderlandax the inventive center functions, kotoryjpomogaet to estimate the project and carries out search of the partners interested in introduction of the invention, vofrantsiya the National agency promoting introduction of results of scientific researches operates. All European Union countries are included into "The European club of advanced technologies in agricultural industry". Besides, World Intellectual Property Organization is based. Along with it each European country has the features research and development vnapravleniye. So, vangliya, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands the considerable attention is given razvitiyunauki to a vnapravleniya of use of a biomass as power resource; England and the Netherlands develop oborudovaniedlya farming without infliction of harm to an ecological resource; in Germany a bolshoyevnimaniye udelyayutcenam on agricultural production and to resources; the state the bolshoyeznacheniye gives vofrantsiya to development of agricultural machinery.
Znachitelnyjopyt Japan has stimulations of innovative activity. After war this country began vozrozhdatekonomiku by acquisition of licenses for scientific technologies and gradually became the center of scientific and technical progress. Finansirovaniyenauki vchastiVVPsostavlyaet nearly 4 %. Gain VVPna of 70 % is provided at the expense of return from enclosed vnauku means. Except economy development on the basis of new technologies, preferential crediting, partial osvobozhdeniyasubektov innovative activity from tax payment, the state complex help, a vyaponiya apply target use of means, kotoryepredostavlyayutsyachastnymibanka; to sodeystvuyutpredpriyatiya in acquisition of the advanced foreign equipment; sopostavlyayutnauchno-technical achievements of Japan with achievements of other countries. Unlike the USA vyaponiya the main dvizhitel of Ntpstal bolshiefirmy, the organization of process of scientific development and their introduction are carried out cherezobshchiyeissledovatelsky associations, the considerable attention is given to diffusion of innovations, successful cooperation rabotymezhdu glavnymifirmami and subcontract is used. Highly skilled workers, kotoryerabotali in bolshikhkorporatsiya also reached a retirement age, move the vselsky district and assist distribution of scientific and technical information. For the purpose of stimulation of activization of innovative activity Society of stimulation of creativity, a science and equipment, the center of patent clearing – the state Japanese institute of invention and innovation, activity kotorogonapravlena on coordination of innovative activity, on its communication with promotion of achievements of scientists (exhibitions, competitions, mass media) is created; organization of diffusion of scientific achievements; predostavleniyepatentno-license services.
(On magazine materials Ekonom_ka of agrarian and industrial complex).