Tasks which were put when planning system of mechanical and chemical processing of the soil are described. Ways of their decision are specified. Article contains performance of the research supervisor of the program of agrarian holding "Krayevid-invest", the candidate of agricultural sciences, the assistant professor of the River Zilbervarga.
We PREPARE FOR WINTER SOWING
When planning system of mechanical and chemical processing of the soil we put the following tasks: to keep and save up the greatest possible quantity of all dropping-out precipitation; to destroy weed vegetation and fruit drop of cultural plants, to create conditions for high-quality crops of seeds on a dense undisturbed soil bed, to interrupt in the middle a cycle of development of diseases and wreckers and by that to reduce their injuriousness in crops of cultural plants, to create favorable conditions for decomposition of the pozhnivny remains.
In the solution of these and some other tasks loosening of a surface of the soil after combines without a gap in time is prime. Depth of such processing should be no more than 3-5 cm and is carried out by any disk, ploskorezhushchy, dolotovidny or manual tools at great speed (more than 12-15 km/h)
Having performed this operation, we start planned preparation of the soil under various cultures. First of all we prepare the soil under crops of a winter rape. On this field we bring on 1,5 centners of ammoniac saltpeter and depending on the content of available phosphorus – on 40-70 kg/hectares amofosa, tukosmesi or nitrofoski, closing up them to the soil disk tools with a simultaneous or subsequent prikatyvaniye on depth 3-4 see.
The system of chemical protection of plants is based on Himagromarketing company preparations. At germination of fruit drop and growth of weeds (especially korenotpryskovy) in 2-3 weeks prior to crops of a winter rape of a field it is processed by a mix glifosatosoderzhashchy totala (2 liters/hectares) and 2,4 D an asset (1.5 liters/hectares). Such mix of preparations doesn’t leave postaction on crops rapes as these active ingredients destroying a wide range of weeds, quickly detoksiciruyutsya in the soil. For successful fight against malicious korneotpryskovy weeds (sow-thistles, bitterlings, a grechishka vyyunkovy, a birch field) it is expedient to pass on curtains of these weeds repeatedly (thus having increased here a herbicide dose twice). Such system is more effective and less expensive than application glifosatov, in pure form.
On the fields going under winter barley after winter wheat, and also under summer cultures after winter barley at same as described above, system of processing of the soil we apply a mix of herbicides in the following structure:
1. Total of 2 l/hectares + mikodin 2 l/hectares + M-effect of 0,020 kg/hectares
2. Total of 2 l/hectares + 2,4 – D the Asset of 1,5 l/hectares + the Optimum of 0,3 l/hectares
3. Total of 2 l/hectares + Optimum of 0,4-0,5 l/hectares.
Application of lateral mixes gives high effect in fight against weeds (especially korenotpryskovy) and allows to save to 30-35%sredstvo.
Along with the correct technology of preparation of the soil and fight against weeds should give a close attention preparation of a sowing material. We sow own production of the first and second reproduction. All of them are separated by cars Diamond and the Garden. For a protravlivaniye of seeds the binary preparation of Stiraks in a dose of 2,0-2,5 l on ton of seeds or a mix fungicidov on a basis tebukonozola and derozala specifically Debuzan (0,400 l on ton of seeds) or Tebuzan ultra (0,200 l on ton of seeds) +0,8 l on ton of seeds of a preparation Doctor Krop is used. In a lateral mix the insecticidal preparation the Practician (d.v.diazinon) in number of 1,5 l on ton and adaptogen "Pendant" of 0,3 l on ton is added.
River Zilbervarg, research supervisor of the program of agrarian holding "Krayevid-invest" (Crimea), candidate of agricultural sciences, assistant professor.