Consultation on regulation of productivity of a pear is given.
Except biological and high-quality features, the pear skoroplodnost is influenced substantially by stocks (for example, average and slaborosly clonal forms of a quince – MS, 1S 2-10, VA-29,1C 4-12 or slaborosly seed forms of a pear – No. 212,1-38-93, Pirodu-orf, OHFDelbard 51 Broklil), and also different constructive elements of a crown, in particular, slaborosly intermediate inserts (length – 20-22 cm) or shtambo-and skeletoobrazovatel from them. To intensify production and it is essential to accelerate a skoroplodnost it is possible also by means of agrotechnical receptions which influence krone.
In modern intensive plantings it is very important to perform in time operations on bending back and deformation of the main branches of a pear. In particular, their carrying out in a year of a laying of a garden (under condition of optimum care of it) since it can accelerate for one year the introduction of a tree in fructification is obligatory. And on the contrary, untimely and unqualified their performance can bring, at a further formirovka of krone in such plantings, to removal of a significant amount of wood that will stimulate rostovy processes and to tighten productive fructification.
In modern intensive and skoroplodny gardens of a pear regulation of productivity consists, on the one hand, in skillful combination of slaborosly stocks and skoroplodny highly productive grades with compact gabitusy kroner and, on the other hand, in carrying out agrotechnical receptions on bending back of branches. To this operation, and also it is necessary to approach to deformation and removal of branches taking into account biological features of a concrete sorto-podvoyny combination. It is necessary to consider also reaction of a grade to the corresponding agroreception and to be guided by an axiom: to minimize removal of any wood to the introduction of a tree in fructification. It is desirable to support the active rostovy processes being pledge of a regular, stable and qualitative crop at all stages of development of a fruit-tree. Naturally, during the first age periods when at a tree rostovy processes prevail, they are necessary for constraining, reasonably, different agroreceptions: optimum nitric food and vlagoobespecheniye, bending back and moderate removal of wood. And, on the contrary, during the further periods when rostovy processes fade, periodicity of fructification amplifies and quality of fruits worsens, it is necessary to strengthen degree scraps against the balanced mineral food and a vlagoobespecheniye.
One of receptions which allows to support regular fructification in a pear garden, rationing zavyazi and fruits is.
For the purpose of rationing of future crop it is possible to apply a number of chemical preparations, processing them young zavyaz. Positive results are received when using potassium and sodium salts alpha naftiluksusnoj acids in concentration of 0,004-0,006 %. A principle of action of such preparations in the following: the small concentration they brake growth underdeveloped zavyazi that causes its osypaniye and practically doesn’t influence on well developed zavyaz. Roughly, processing isn’t necessary for carrying out a week later after an osypaniye of 90-95 % of petals, however the visual reference point of terms of performance of operation can apply for perfection. In practice apply other chemical ways of a prorezhivaniye of flowers and zavyazi pears, in particular, with the help acetilamida upon termination of flowering in concentration of 0,009 % (I.Litsshevskoy’s message; Poland).
Regulation and crop preservation at separate krupnoplodny grades (as a rule, it it is autumn and late autumn grades) is connected with a premature osypaniye of fruits during the period previous their sjy. A number of researchers explain this phenomenon a lack of rostovy hormones. Processing of trees carry out weak solutions (0,002-0,004 %) naftiluksusny acid in 10-20 days prior to harvesting.
From our point of view, the premature osypaniye of fruits at some krupnoplodny grades of a pear can be considered as the normal phenomenon which testifies to their physiological maturity and is a signal to collecting fruits.
(On materials of the international monthly journal "Summer resident").