Article is devoted to possibilities of use of alternative power sources. Advantages of synthetic gas, liquid biofuel, an agricultural biomass as alternatives to traditional power sources are described.
For the last years in conversations on alternative energy two obvious leaders became stronger: biodiesel and bioetanolny. Support of the first is supported by statistics of prompt growth of the domestic agricultural areas under a rape. For the etanolny – announcements of intentions to build distilleries, statements of "Ukrspirt" and the American reed and corn tendencies. Other possible decisions modestly stand on the roadside speeches of domestic politicians and power engineering specialists on a subject of great power reorganization.
There is a lot of sources of alternative energy. But, according to the head of National agency concerning ensuring effective use of energy resources – Sukhina E.I., the first and most perspective of all list of options, is synthetic gas. In rather large volumes and at rather low prime cost it is possible to receive the new energy carrier which in a condition to replace traditional natural gas. Its production can be adjusted from straw, tyrsy, brown coal, peat … The Ukrainian potential sintezgaza is at level of 40-45 billion cubic meter from restored sources.
The second direction – production of liquid biofuel, and first of all – a biodiesel engine. Today on existing capacities of distilleries it is possible to make to 500 thousand tons "BIO-100" – analog of gasoline A-96, A-98.
The third and most important source – use of an agricultural biomass for its transformation on alternative sources; introduction of this energy to all social sphere of Ukraine, since the village and finishing the cities regional, even regional value. For example, Austria specially makes one and a half million tons of wooden shaving which use as the energy carrier. The biomass gives to Austria of 22 % of thermal energy of all country.
Today in Ukraine 0,7 % of energy from restored sources are used. Though the domestic potential of energy from restored sources is estimated at 73 million tons of conditional fuel (u.t.) in a year that when using last year about 220 million tons u.t. across all Ukraine (including gas, coal, etc. energy carriers) makes about 30 % from the general consumption. According to Sukhin E.I., in Ukraine of sources for production of own energy carriers more than it is enough. So, on datas of statistics, for 2006g. in Ukraine 55 million tons of straw are received. For needs of animal husbandry and other purposes about 19 million tons are used. Question: and where the rest? And the rest – either is plowed up, or burned on fields, and these are 30 million tons. Today such volume of straw can give not less than 16-18 billion cubes of synthetic gas, and only it is equivalent 10-12 million tons u.t. From nonrestorable sources, and it is peat and brown coal, it is possible to extract 30-40 billion cubes sintezgaza for 150 years.
The national agency concerning ensuring effective use of energy resources developed specifications on the mixed gas which provide addition of 15 % of synthetic gas to natural at the expense of what quality changes and consumption of more expensive natural gas is reduced. For the enterprises he can be added to 50 %.
Thanks to technology sintezgaza there is a possibility to make the Ukrainian villages energetically independent. For rather small money it is possible to make so that the village completely, including even inland transport, worked only on sintezgaze. For the village on 1000 houses it will cost no more than 5 million hryvnias if to consider only the electric power and heat. Payback – is less than two years. And, except straw, for this purpose it is necessary nothing. If prime cost of straw to estimate at 50 hryvnias for ton, prime cost of cubic meter of gas fuel will be 40-50 kopeks: prime cost of 1000 cubic meter of biogas from straw is equal 150 hryvnias, expenses on the electric power for gas compression – on 10 kopeks on one cubic meter. In the sum – 25 kopeks for cubic meter. Recognizing that 1 liter of diesel fuel it is equivalent 1,6-1,7 cubic meters of gas, we receive prime cost of gas analog of liter of diesel fuel in 40-50 kopeks.
European Bank of reconstruction and development began in Ukraine the new program on power efficiency increase. 100 million EUR are allocated for it. The project provides the long-term credits to the Ukrainian enterprises which will develop the plan of effective energy saving for the production. The priority is given to use of restored power sources. The credits of this program are intended mainly for private enterprises of small and medium business.
The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine passed the Law About modification of some acts of Ukraine on stimulation of measures for energy saving, according to which obrazovyvaetsya the State fund of energy saving. Fund obrazovyvaetsya as a part of special fund of the Government budget of Ukraine for ensuring financing of measures for effective use of fuel and energy resources. The law comes into force since January 1, 2008.
Besides, in the budget of Ukraine 701 million UAH is provided. on preferential crediting under 6-7 %, and repayment of credit percent, 101 million UAH., on attraction of power effective technologies. Money are used under the direction of National agency on investments. Their attraction is carried out by the tender. First of all money goes on introduction of power effective technologies. For receiving money it is necessary to develop and provide the project.
Energy – the most expensive richness of the state. Not casually all Europe "is at war" with Russia for energy carriers and is afraid to break the established parity. If today Sweden, Finland uses 45 % of own regenerative energy, and to Ukraine there is a sense to develop this direction. Such conditions what Ukraine on nontraditional sources of energy has, anybody has no. We – the unique country. We go on gold, but at all we have about it no representation.
(On Agroperspektiva magazine materials).