In article it is reported about world globalization; possible advantages and risks from the accession of Ukraine to the WTO; about approaches to the solution of problems of quality and competitiveness at state level.
UKRAINE And WTO:
The main national objective of each state is an increase of an economic condition of the country and a level of living of citizens.
The purpose of the introduction of Ukraine in the WTO is the essential increase in export of the domestic goods and services and protection of domestic market against dangerous and poor-quality production that should provide creation by the state of new workplaces, growth of investments, increase in receipts in the government budget, etc.
The main feature which is necessary for considering at accession to WTO, world globalization, i.e. advance of multinational and other authoritative large foreign companies on the markets of all countries of the world is. It is accompanied by aggravation of the competition and, as a result, improvement of quality of the goods, services, service, the general culture of business which are estimated positively by consumers, voting the purses. On the other hand, it can lead to curtailment of activity of many national enterprises and the organizations which will appear unprepared to such succession of events. And this risk amplifies for the countries with an economy in transition after their accession to WTO.
The WTO – a component of economic globalization. In the last decade XX and at the beginning of the XXI century "globalization" became the most fashionable evolutionary direction of development of the modern world. Globalization is process of vsevozrastayushchy impact on social reality of the separate countries of various factors of the international value: economic and political connections (R. Robertson).
In the world any more didn’t remain illusions that globalization, except positive consequences, deepens a gap between rich superdeveloped countries which already passed to a stage of postindustrialno-information development, and other part of mankind which tests operation (mainly through a nonequivalent exchange) from world leaders and more and more them lags behind. The main contradiction of globalization consists in it. A serious problem is unevenness of distribution of effects from economic globalization. Unequal possibilities of access of the goods and services to the foreign markets, though formally deklariruyutsyaravny possibilities actually take place. The big multinational companies first of all use advantages which are provided by the WTO, thanks to the higher potential in foreign markets, to great opportunities for information influence on consumers, wide use of practice of prevention of undesirable participants on the most attractive markets. For this purpose WTO mechanisms – various standards, technical rules, sanitary and fytosanitory standards, anti-dumping mechanisms are widely used. To the countries which are not a part of the WTO, it is very difficult to protect the exporters in foreign markets.
Competing among themselves, the multinational companies (multinational corporation) considerably promoted regarding improvement of the systems of management. Practically all of them introduced and confirmed with certificates: quality management system according to the international ISO 9000 standards, systems of ecological management according to the ISO 14000 standard, systems of management of professional safety according to the OHSAS 18000 standard. The majority of multinational corporation confirmed the compliance to provisions of the international SA 8000 standard which defines requirements to the companies regarding ethics of business. Many of them, being guided by philosophy and concepts of the General quality management and widely using self-image according to Japanese, American or European models of business perfection, reached much higher level of perfection, than it is provided by the international standards.
Therefore, showing readiness for cooperation with the national enterprises as with suppliers, multinational corporations demand from them providing and confirmation of the corresponding quality and business perfection as it practises them.
Possible advantages and risks from the accession of Ukraine to the WTO.
Expansion of presence at Ukraine multinational corporation and other advanced foreign companies (which in many cases are world leaders) can assist distribution in the country of universal culture of business and quality. Through an aggravation of competitive fight in the Ukrainian market it is possible to expect improvement of quality of the goods and services which will be offered consumers, at simultaneous growth of possibility of a choice and reduction of prices. On the other hand, the Ukrainian enterprises which will appear competitive, can get access to new sales markets, in particular, through cooperation with the multinational companies.
Risks from accession to WTO are connected, first of all, with low competitiveness of the majority of the Ukrainian enterprises and the organizations. In these conditions a significant amount of domestic enterprises can disappear, and their place will be occupied by foreign firms.
Competitiveness – the most important problem of the introduction of Ukraine in the WTO.
The major problem on which the success or accession to WTO failure depends, competitiveness of the state and its main components – the enterprises and the organizations is.
Competitiveness of the state as a whole is defined, first of all, by competitiveness of its enterprises. In turn, competitiveness of any enterprise leans on two wings: external conditions in which the enterprise, and internal perfection of the enterprise on which quality of production directly depends functions. Paying tribute the first component, it is necessary to recognize that without the second component it is also impossible to reach long-term competitiveness of the enterprises in the conditions of the oversaturated market and progressing globalization.
According to the World forum in Davos, among 104 countries of Ukraine takes on competitiveness only the 86th place.
As a whole the general culture of business and culture of quality in scales of Ukraine still remain at a low level. It concerns as directly enterprises, and governing bodies on state and local levels. In most general view it is possible to allocate three approaches to the decision in the state of problems of quality, perfection and competitiveness: minimum, average and maximum. Each of them needs the decisions and actions which among themselves essentially differ.
The minimum – provides also confirmation of safety of the Ukrainian goods and services (it is conditional – Safety).
Average – except the conditions provided by a minimum level, provides also confirmation of qualitative (consumer) characteristics of the Ukrainian goods and services at level of the established standard requirements (it is conditional – Quality).
The maximum – except the conditions provided by the average level, sorientirovan on excess of requirements of standards, achievement and excess of characteristics of the best samples of the goods and services, continuous improvement of the enterprises and the organizations (it is conditional – Perfection).
P. Kalita, president of the Ukrainian association of quality, president of the International guild of professionals of quality, board member and General assembly of the European organization of quality.