In this article experience of receiving big crops of grain crops in Germany is described, the technology of cultivation of these cultures also is given.
Cleaning of early grains ended, results please – the Crimea overcame a boundary in 1,5 million tons of grain of high quality. And it in spite of the fact that to many farms and farmers because of bad credit policy was difficult to introduce mineral fertilizers and means of protection of plants. Many nevertheless did of them extra root top dressing by nitrogen and microfertilizers, applied other advanced receptions.
Along with winter wheat the great interest at peasants causes cultivation of a food rape – the culture, capable to use the winter moisture giving high economic efficiency. The price for rape seeds keeps the second year within 2,6-3 thousand UAH/t. A rape – the favorable hospital attendant in a crop rotation, thanks to good high-quality structure quite high-yielding. For example, in Germany the intensive crop rotation is applied: a winter rape – winter wheat – winter or summer barley and other cultures. Productivity makes: norm – 3 t, a record – 6-6,5 t.
In Ukraine in more vlagoobespechenny areas the advanced farms receive not a smaller crop. High level of productivity of a rape was reached by the Crimean farmers on an irrigation: JSC Ilyich Agro-Krym on 30,2 c/hectares, "Youzhny Bereg" of the Soviet area – 31,7 c/hectares.
Without an irrigation – state of emergency of "Ariya-M" and "Belief" of the Krasnogvardeysky region of-22,1 c/hectares, state of emergency the Phoenix Plus the Krasnogvardeysky area – 22,7 c/hectares, "Alliance" and "Agrarian" the Nizhnegorsky area – 25,1 c/hectares.
On not irrigation demonstration site in state of emergency of "Ariya-M" hybrids from "Lembka" at harvest humidity of 6,5 % with application of the minimum quantity of mineral fertilizers and twice fungicidov gave:
• Artus – 28,0 c/hectares
• The titan – 28,6 c/hectares
• NGShch-9800 – 27,5 c/hectares
• The Trabant – 26,7 c/hectares
Features of cultivation of such hybrids:
– high selection potential of lembkovsky hybrids;
– possibility of their crops in later terms – till September 20-25 when the probability of loss of rains considerably increases, in comparison with August, and the soil already cools down;
– formation in the winter at plants of good root system with the help folikura and growth regulators – molybdenum and copper. It is necessary to make everything that to spring of productive plants was 50-60 on sq.m. Many advanced farms sow seeds on only 3 kg/hectares;
– the rape revives one spring earlier, than winter wheat therefore early-spring top dressing by nitrogen is effective just as both application fungicidov (Folikur) and Kristalon rape. In it there is a lot of sulfur that favorably affects a laying of high-grade pods;
– fungitsidny processing can be combined with obligatory processing by insecticides against cvetoeda;
– feature of German rapes – a direct kombaynirovaniye of a crop. Having waited the first burst pods, is possible safely and massed to clean this culture, humidity of seeds will be 9-11 %;
– cleaning by the pressurized combines with rape trunks and a podrabotka from greens in seeds.
Let’s calculate real economy of this culture. 2,5 t/hectares – monetary revenue to 7,0 thousand UAH. Expenses even at the risen in price minutes fertilizers – 2,0-2,5 thousand úÓ¡./hectare. To receive such income of wheat, it is necessary to grow up more than 5,0 t/hectares.
In the market of Ukraine there are many innovations, interesting technological decisions. For example, a universal preparation with effect of a podkisleniye of water – Spartan from the German company "Agroplanta" – a prilipatel for the majority of means of protection of plants. Mixing Spartan’s 150 ml from 100 l of water it is possible to reduce norm of the same glifosatov in 1,5 times, without reducing efficiency. Eto it is much more favorable.
Fine results multipurpose liquid fertilizer for extra root top dressing of Nutrifayt gives the Magnum With (to NPK; 5+38+15). Fertilizer is characterized by the raised content of phosphorus in easily acquired PO3 form, instead of PO4. This element is a key component in a metabolism, allows with microcells and a carbamide to "pump up" through leaves a plant food elements. I will remind that loss of nutrients at extra root top dressing directly three times is less in comparison with NPK giving through the soil.
Once again effective there was an application on rice kristalonov, rice herbicide the Citadel. It is effective, economic in comparison with other herbicides.
One more of novelties in Ukraine – KAS (a carbamide and ammoniac mix) – is water solution of a carbamide and ammoniac saltpeter in which there is no free ammonia and 32 % of nitrogen on of century contain. In KAS there is an ammoniyny, amidny and nitratny form of nitrogen at the expense of what fertilizer supplies a plant with all forms of nitrogen throughout all season. KAS can be mixed with microcells, pesticides, growth regulators that minimaliziruet costs of their use. Has a wide range of application: extra root, root, under a plowed land and cultivation. In comparison with firm fertilizers, reduces costs of 25-30 %. The production "Rayz" "Maksimko" structure, in Poltava region, widely applies this fertilizer, having a big increase to productivity. At us in the Crimea SOOO Friendship of the people the Krasnogvardeysky area successfully applies to top dressing ammoniac water.
Experiment of JV Oktyabrskoye of the Krasnogvardeysky area on introduction of nitric fertilizers right after cleaning on an eddish is worthy. The energy saving minimum technology here works, double processings grain fungicidami are carried out. Big crops repeatedly compensate above-mentioned expenses.
5 years of FH "Kovalev" of the Soviet area, bringing a few fertilizers since autumn and processing grain kristalony "yellow", in the spring – "special", receives not less than 50 c/hectares, this year of winter wheat received 61,5 c/hectares.
The German firm "Agroplanta" in June of this year invited to itself delegation of production workers and distributors "Rayz" for studying of experience of cultivation of agricultural cultures. I with pleasure and even with admiration saw in the south of Germany crops of winter wheat with productivity of 100-120 c/hectares and not only in any one economy, and practically everywhere. Such impression that 100 c – it at them norm, including, and for winter barley.
Let’s consider, what scheme of work with winter wheat practises in one of the agricultural enterprises of Bavaria, Benedictine abbey, Metten. It includes 185 hectares of the farmland, 370 hectares of the wood. Is at height of 330 meters above sea level, more than 700 ml of a precipitation a year here drop out. At the enterprise of 5 tractors John Dir, M. Ferguson from 35 to 170 h.p., 3 seeders, 3 cultivators, 1 spreader of fertilizers, 1 kartofeleuborochny combine, 1 sprayer, combine harvesters in cooperation.
The technological card on cultivation of winter wheat of a grade Kubus: norm of seeding 3,3 million plants on hectare, factor of a kustistost 1,9.
25.10.07 – crops, fertilizer: 200 kg of nitrogen (N) on the century brought four podkormkami, phosphorus (R) – 40, potassium (To) – 40 + magnesium (Mg) + sulfur (S) – 28¬ú/hectare, do extra root top dressing by microfertilizers – pine forest and others.
11.04.08 – introduction of herbicides + Spartan of 0,15 l/hectares + 5kg a carbamide + 0,5½/hectare xlormekvatxlorid + fungicid.
15.05.08 – processing fungitsidy + Spartan 0,15 + Nutri Veit Magnum.
10.06.08 – processing fungitsidy (processings are necessary because of an abundance of a spring precipitation) + Spartan 0,15 + Amistar of 0,4 l/hectares + Nutri Veit Magnum.
Cleaning is made by high-efficiency combines, practically without loss.
The Rayz company as provides to agricultural producers according to credit, leasing schemes any equipment. The main approach in offers – efficiency, economy of fuels and lubricants, productivity, comfort in work.
The same problem of considerable improvement of work of agricultural industry of the Crimea is put now by the vice-chairman of Council of ministers Kolisnichenko N. P.
Our company offers a little enough systems of crediting favorable to the peasant, leasing. Many enterprises, farms already have our equipment with which work are happy. Judge if a tractor John Dir and the selbkhozoborudovaniye set to it replaces 2-3 tractors on productivity, it is paid quite back only at cost of fuels and lubricants. Bauyer water sprinklers at effective use in state of emergency "Alliance" of the Nizhnegorsky area paid back themselves within two years. In ChSP Gold Ear of the Lenin area at the expense of quality of sowing by a grain seeder of DD 1890 which, by the way, carries out preseeding cultivation and a prikatyvaniye it is not simple "generally", and after each sowing device, got a rise of a crop of 15-20 %.
Nearly one self-propelled sprayer (DD 4030) allowed SPK "Georgia" of the May Day area to solve questions of protection and top dressing of agricultural cultures on the area of 10 thousand hectares.
There was habitual on all equipment John Dir to establish satellite systems of navigation "Avtotrak", "Paralleltrak" with accuracy of maintaining to 10 see.
Information from sensors of combines and tractors acts in film on desktop computers on an expense of fuels and lubricants, development for change, to engine forecasting that allows to analyze and supervise operation of units in all respects.
Applying in production above-mentioned innovations, the agricultural producer wins economically, solves one of the main issues: providing with highly-skilled personnel, high-efficiency, stable equipment in work, considerably saves fuels and lubricants.
In recent years in Ukraine, except restrictions of expenses of the budget on agricultural industry, unpopular measures of restriction in crediting are applied. But this year the domestic agricultural industry showed the potential, the possibilities. At the rate of inflation which has developed nowadays and for its decrease by one of exits there can be a strengthening of agro-industrial complex through access to cheap crediting and formation of the realizatsionny price of agricultural products via long ago invented mechanism – the exchanges as in the conditions of the WTO it is need.
Century. White, director of KF of joint stock company Rayz company, honored worker of agricultural industry of the Crimea.