In article udder diseases at cows are described: narrowing (zarashcheniye) of the dairy tank and narrowing (zarashcheniye) of the channel of a nipple, a wound and a fistula of nipples, and also the dairy stones complicating milking and leading to decrease in a yield of milk. The reasons of their emergence, ways of treatment and prevention are specified.
One of serious problems in dairy animal husbandry – an illness of a mammary gland at cows
One of serious problems in dairy animal husbandry – an illness of a mammary gland at cows. Except mastitis, in clinical practice the following diseases of nipples take place: narrowing (zarashcheniye) of the dairy tank and narrowing (zarashcheniye) of the channel of a nipple, wound and fistula of nipples, and also new growths and dairy stones. At various defeats of vyvodny system of an udder, at cows the milk yield of milk decreases, there is impossible an application of machine milking, and manual milking is at a loss.
Vybrakovka of cows, owing to diseases of nipples and their complications, averages 0,16 % of a livestock. They quite often are registered as "agalaktiya", "gipogalaktiya" or a milk delay and aren’t diagnosed in due time.
Narrowing or zarashcheniye of the mamillar channel happens congenital and acquired. At congenital defect the muscular circle of a sfinkter is too small or muscles are hypertrophied and don’t allow the mamillar channel to extend during milking. The acquired narrowing – a consequence of damages and inflammatory processes because of violations of the rules of machine milking (high vacuum, poor-quality mamillar rubber of milking machines, their overexposure on nipples) against the unsatisfactory maintenance of the cows, insufficient care of an udder before milking, a lack of vitamin A or unevenness of development of quarters of an udder.
Narrowing of the tank of a nipple is more often observed at young cows during 2-3 lactations that is when there is the sharpest development of an udder and increase in a yield of milk that causes a tugodoynost, decrease in efficiency and development of mastitis.
During the narrowing or a zarashcheniye of the tank of a nipple, owing to inflammatory process, the bacterial obsemenennost of shares increases. For sharp stages of an inflammation the thickening of a wall of a nipple, and for chronic – growth of a connecting fabric is characteristic. The diagnosis of narrowing of the tank of a nipple establish usually after otela, and minor changes of a wall of an udder (small knots, consolidations) or its secret (the changed, bloody milk, reduction of a yield of milk), indicating existence of inflammatory reaction or hereditary nature of defect precede it. About cicatricial educations the rentgenografiya gives a better understanding. Narrowing of the tank is accompanied by hardening of the top sfinkter of a nipple, and narrowing of the channel of a nipple – consolidation or a zarashcheniye of an external sfinkter.
For expansion of the mamillar channel in an initial stage it is possible to use dry sticks of sea cabbage (laminaria) which in the liquid environment strongly bulk up. Such stick insert into the mamillar canal in 1-2 hours prior to milking, repeated introductions are if necessary possible in 4-5 days after drying of sticks in a drying cabinet.
In the started cases (considerable prescription of cicatricial styagivaniye) these actions don’t give considerable effect therefore resort to an operative way of treatment with the subsequent introduction in a nipple of polikhlorvinilovy tubes or polyethylene catheters. Milking is thus facilitated and its speed increases, the increase of a daily yield of milk is noted.
The favorable outcome is observed in 80 % of cases, and adverse – in cases of an exacerbation of chronic mastitis and non-compliance with conditions of the contents. Contra-indication is mastitis.
Among open traumatic damages deep and punching wounds, and also their complications – the fistulas demanding surgical treatment more often meet. In cases of deep punching wounds after surgical processing and connection of edges safe healing occurs in 82 % of cases. Among complications possibly a divergence of edges of a wound.
Formation of dairy stones or small grains of sand is connected with a nedodaivaniye at violations of the general metabolism in an organism and adjournment of salts of phosphorus or calcium, when obizvestvlyayutsya casein crumbs. In the first portions of milk find grains of sand which create a tugodoynost. A palpation of a nipple reveal moving consolidations of a roundish or oval form. Introduction in the tank of 3 % of solution of baking soda provides their partial removal. In other cases use a catheter for a softening of dairy clots.
Prevention of diseases of vyvodny system of an udder is connected with prevention of mastitis and an udder travmatizatsiya, with fight for receiving high-quality milk in hygienic conditions. At establishment of changes in a mucous membrane of a nipple or in milk (morbidity when milking, hardening in a nipple wall, bloody or watery milk), indicating possibility of narrowing of the tank of a nipple, it is necessary to find out the reason and nature of changes and to begin timely treatment of an animal. If the tugodoynost is a consequence of defects in an udder structure (the changed form of an udder and nipples, existence of additional nipples and glands), from such animals are gradually released.
(On Internet materials).