In this article names of grades of the winter crops grown up in AR Crimea and entered in the Register in 2008 are given.
Very important for receiving a stable grain yield to choose the high-quality grade adapted for local conditions.
One of the main conditions of its right choice: the grade should be surely in the Register. Today in the Register of 160 grades of winter wheat, from them 102 – for a steppe zone, winter barley – 30, for a steppe zone – 25 grades.
The range of the grades which are grown up in the Autonomous Republic Crimea, is presented by a significant amount: in 2006 of 46 grades + unknown, in 2008 of 55 grades + unknown.
In 2008 new grades of winter wheat are included in the Register: Antara, Antonovka, Assol, Bezmezhna, Goddess, Edn_st, Zrazkov, Zaporuka, Knop, Kosovits, Kraplin, Alekseyevka, Palyanitsa, Polpich, Podyaka, Tripilska, Anniversary-100, Titona.
The grades zoned in recent years, have very high potential of productivity – to 100 and the c/hectare is higher.
Certainly, under our conditions at a lack of moisture it is impossible to receive such productivity. However in a sortoispytaniye in the conditions of this year grades Kuyalnik – 77,6, Povaga – 74,8, Kiriya – 79,7, the Dryad – 71,1, Poshana – 75,2, Lyon – 74,1, Suputnitsa – 70,7, Kherson bezosty – 70,4 allowed to receive productivity from 70 to 80 c/hectares.
Unfortunately, realization of genetic potential of a grade under production conditions averages less than 40 %. In strong farms which have possibility to apply intensive technologies, this indicator can increase twice whereas at economically weak, in the absence of sufficient appliances it can on decrease as much.
In this regard the high-quality policy directed on receiving the maximum effect from use of a concrete grade is developed and takes root.
Each economy is recommended to grow up 3-5 grades which differ on the agrobiological properties.
Basis of a modern sortiment make, generally the intensive grades, however each of them has the features.
Grades of wheat winter for high-intensity technologies:
Lelya, Young lady, Kiriya, Poshan, Lyon, Skorbnitsya, Suputnitsya, Memory, Palpich, Tanya, Namolotnaya.
Intensive and universal: Nikoniya, Kuyalnik, Dalnitsky, Compatriot, Gospodynya, Antonovka.
The semi-intensive: Znakh_dka, Odessa 267, Povaga, Pisanka, Kosovitsya.
It is necessary to carry early ripe grades which concede on efficiency potential to separate group, but have clear advantages in droughty years: Batko, Dryad, Znakh_dka, Krasnodar 99, Chain armor, Shestopalovka, Anniversary 100.
Some words about winter barley. Wheat is grown up on the production purposes and fodder as at crops on the worst predecessors and at the minimum dose of nitric fertilizers (and sometimes and without them) it is impossible to receive quality grain. In such situation it is better to grow up winter barley as its productivity on 5-7 c/hectares is higher, even under condition of cultivation not on the best predecessor, and fodder qualities of barley it is better, than wheat. Besides, barley ripens earlier that allows to harvest and sell earlier grain on higher to the price.
From grades of winter barley a big crop (from 65 to 68 c/hectares) provided: Rising, Snow-storm, Blizzard, Mikhaylo, Ogonkovsky, Feodor (Fontast)
I should tell about a high-quality agrotechnology of winter crops.
Intensive grades assume placement them on the best predecessors, providing with necessary quantity of mineral substances and moisture. If there is no possibility to provide these conditions – don’t sow high-intensity grades.
Many grades considerably reduce productivity at crops them in early terms. Especially it belongs to such as: Selyanka, Lelya, Young lady, Poshana, Dalnitsky. It is impossible to sow early winter barley, especially grades – two-handles.
Poorly react to shift of terms of sowing: Victoria, Odessa 267, Kuyalnik, Povaga, Dugout, Pisanka, Kosovitsa.
Grades of winter barley Rising, the Snow-storm, Onega it is impossible to sow norm of seeding more than 4 ¼½¡.ÞÔ./hectare. They have a high productive kustistost and at zagushchenny crops reduce productivity.
At realization of seeds together with the document we issue the grade description.
L.Radchenko, the deputy director on scientific work of the APP UAAN Crimean institute.