In this article recommendations about manufacture shevro from kozliny are made.
GOOD ADVICE
Good advice
SHEVRO – is the skin manufactured mainly from skins of young goats or roes. It can be used for tailoring of jackets, top of footwear, bags etc. Process consists of a number of consecutive operations which carry out at room temperature. Before manufacture of a skin wash out in two waters.
Operations
1. Otmoka. Bath structure, that is soyoderzhimy drum: for a fresh and dry syyorye (in grams on 1 l): table salt – 20 and kremneftoristy sodium – 1. Uchityvaetsya liquid factor – an otyonosheniye of the obvodnenny and wrung-out raw materials to liquid (further – Zh.K.). Through 10ch add 20 more parts of salt. General duration of processing of 20 h. After processing of a skin should be completely, obvodneny. To rotate a drum on 10 mines in hour.
2. Mezdreniye. Mezdryat a blunt knife, previously having spread a skin on doske, movements from a tail to a neck.
Instead of a knife it is possible to take a metallichesyoky brush, but in this case it is necessary to work very carefully that together with prirezyami not to remove skin.
3. Obezvolashivaniye. To prepare an izyovestkovy milk (on density of cream) and to fill in in a drum at Zh.K == 5. A drum vrashhat on 5 mines in hour. Duration of operations’ – about three days. Test on shhipok, that is a hair taken in a pinch, dolzhen freely to separate from skin. Under these conditions of hair drive a blunt knife or a scraper. If remains podsed (very melyoky hair), it drive a piece of a rough fabric. After that raw materials wash out.
4. Zoleniye. In a drum at Zh.K. = 6 vvodyat 20 g of a slaked lime and 0,8 g of soda pityyoevy on 1 l of water. Duration of processing – about four days. Rotation – on 5 mines at an o’clock of day time.
5. Obezzolivayiye, Zh.K. == 6. Into a drum enter 10 g/l of sulfate of ammonium (it is possible sodium ammonium). Time – 6 h. Rotation of 15 mines in the beginning, then on mines in hour.
6. Myagcheniye. The most available komponent for a myagcheniye – a chicken dung. Esyoli, it dry, it is taken by 5 % from weight golya (skins without hair), if crude – that of 25 %. Zh.K. == 2, time – 3 h, rotation – on 10 mines in hour. Quality of a myagcheniye proveryayut such reception: skin – collect in meshochek (in knot), one hand a small knot keep in water, and another press on a sack. Thus on all sack there should be air vials. If it isn’t present – a myagyocheniye continue. Then again face cleaning from podseda if it is, and careful washing.
7. Piklevaniye and a tanning – sovmeyoshchenny process. Bath structure: sulfuric acid – 0,85 %, salt cooking – 10 %, water – 50 % from weight golya. A drum rotate constantly within an hour. For two goat skins in ‘average it is spent by an acid siren – 13 cm3, waters – 1,5 l (60 % from head weight) salts cooking – 250 g.
In 1 h in a drum via the hatch (or gorlovinu) fill in the solution containing 2,5 % xrompika and 2 % of aluminum (alyumokaliyevy) alum, dissolved in water (45 % from weight golya). For two skins rasxoduyut: xrompika 60 g, alyumokaliyevy kvascov – 50 g and waters – 1,2 l. Rotate baraban on 15 mines at an o’clock, within three hours. After that in the thickest site of skin it should be through painted over in orange color.
Then in a drum fill in 13 % – ny solution of hyposulphite (teosulfita) in water – polovinny quantity from weight golya. The drum is rotated in the beginning by 10 mines, then on 5 mines every 15 minute. Then in a drum in three steps with a promeyozhutok in 20 mines fill in solution { 2t4 –2,8 % of sulfuric acid in water, on a kolicheyostvo of equal 20 % from weight golya) and prodolzhayut to rotate a drum in the beginning 15 mines, then on 5 mines through 30 mines, and so in techeyony 5 hours. At a mouth orange color polufabrikata passes to the green.
8. Prolezhk – on a polyethylene film spread one skin, on it vtoyory and close from above a film. A prolezhka Proyodolzhitelnost – one days, then wash out.
9. Neutralization, Zh.K. = 9. In water dobavlyayut solution of baking soda (biokarbonat) in number of 0,4 % from weight golya. Processing time; – 40 mines, rotations – 10 mines in the beginning and on 5 mines in 15 minutes. Then washing and an extraction follow, kotoyory well it turns out if to pass through rollers of the washing machine.
In the same way it is possible to carry from sheep skins. However it is less strong, than shevro from kozliny.
Furnish
And now it is time to give finally to skin necessary mechanical svoyyostvo and a trade dress.
1. Breakdown and raspravka. Dried up (but not absolutely) skin straighten, rastyayogivy in all directions hands, including paws with a tail.
2. Provalka. Wooden spheres in diameter are for this purpose necessary no more, than the drum hatch allows. Rotation poyostoyanno – 1-2ch.
3. Furnish baxtarmy (party, return obverse). Trim it on a plate with pumice or its substitutes, for example, an emery paper. A skin spread on a board and movements in different napravleyoniya lead up baxtarmu to velvet.
4. Dyeing. Best of all carried for dyeing to hand over on factory of a himchiyostka and dyeing. However if decided it to do, it is possible to paint with a dense hair brush with a low hair or the wooden blocks, fitted the plyuyoshy. It is possible to paint with a spray, and takzhe in a drum. In dyeing especially vazhna accuracy. Watch, that there was no admission, the brush didn’t remain for some time on skin without movement, differently lodge drying coloring won’t be odnorodyony. Black color can be received from sleyoduyushchy structure: muriatic aniline – 60 g/l, potassium chloride – 20 g/l, a medyony vitriol – 30 g/l.
For giving krzhe^krasivogo appearance – shine and protection of its obverse poyoverkhnost against influence external sredy, after coloring it is desirable to put obyorazuyushchy a film a covering, for example, sleyoduyushchy structure (%): kazeinovy glue – 100, the drill – 10 – 15, soda kaltsinirovanyony – 10 – 20, caustic rubbed – 2 – 4, ammonia solution – 5-15, glycerin – 15 – 20. All components dissolve in water and pokryvayut skin lib.0 a spray, or kistyu. It is possible to replace glycerin with alizarinoyovy oil or to apply them together.
5. Greasing. If a skin make up at factory, there, as a rule, carry out a zhiyorovaniye. If it isn’t made, skins after dyeing zhiruyut. Use tayoky structure: water – 1l, degrin – 350 g, ammonia – 35 g, glycerin – 30 g of Zhiruyut the moistened skin from outside baxtarmy. After that it stretch clothespins and slowly dry up.
Chromic tanning of fur, Zh.K. == 8, time – 10 h. Into a drum enter 80 g/l of table salt. Into a drum enter 80 g/l of table salt and 9 h/l of hyposulphite. All this mix drum rotation. The Pikelevanny and washed-out fur zakladyvayut in a drum and in two hours add in two steps with interyovaly v1 h on 2 g/l of hroyomovy alum (them previously pound and dissolve). Zayotem in 1 h after the second zameshivaniye add aluminum (alyumokaliyevy) alum – 12 g/l. Vrashcheyoniye at the beginning and at the end kazhdogo hour for 10 minutes.
(On magazine materials Priusadebnoye an economy).