In article there is a speech about economic and useful signs of tobacco sortotipov Amerikan and Dyubek, morphological signs, biological properties and areas of distribution are given. It is paid attention to soil processing under these tobacco.
High-quality signs of tobacco sortotipov Amerikan and Dyubek
High-quality signs of tobacco sortotipov Amerikan and Dyubek.
Tobacco in culture is presented by big variety of the grades differing among themselves with very many economic and useful signs which majority strongly changes under the influence of cultivation conditions.
The main external signs on which distinguish tobacco grades in the field – qualitative: a form of a plant, an inflorescence, a plate and the basis of a leaf, a flower and a box, the provision of leaves on a stalk etc.
From quantitative signs the plant height, number of botanical leaves, their size, width of an okryleniye, length a chereshka and others matter. One of the most important biological signs of grades of tobacco are served by length of the vegetative period which conditionally is defined by number of days from sprouts disembarkation in the field before maturing of leaves of the top circle. The length of the vegetative period of the majority of grades strongly changes depending on weather conditions of year, the area of cultivation, an agrotechnology.
Important high-quality sign – energy of growth. At what it is high are considered as the most valuable grades. Low it is inherent in late-ripening grades.
Technical signs treat: elasticity of a leaf, coloring of raw materials and its elasticity, materiality, percentage of veins in a leaf and volume weight.
To physical and chemical, playing large role in an assessment of grades, belong: humidity, content of nicotine, soluble carbohydrates, proteins, ashes, pitches and essential oils.
Sortotip Amerikan.
It was created in areas of the Southern coast of the Crimea.
Morphological signs. A plant srednerosly, an oval or elliptic form with the raised leaves. Stalk of average thickness. An inflorescence spherical and panicled, flowers of pale-pink coloring, large, with rassechyonny otgiby a nimbus and so-so sharp transition of a tube of a nimbus to a funnel. Leaves with a vspuchenny surface and average on thickness the main vein. Number of leaves 22-26, length of their 20-30 cm, a ratio of length of a leaf by the width 1,8.
Biological properties. Sortotip mid-season, average and drought-resistant, sredneurozhayny.
Raw product. Light coloring, average fortress, aromatic.
Area of distribution. Mountain, foothill and steppe zones of the Crimea.
Sortotip Dyubek.
It was created in foothill areas of the Southern coast of the Crimea with soft, almost snowless winter and the long bezmorozny period, at insufficient moistening during the summer period. Dyubek is cultivated in the Crimea on limy red-brown soils, with good physical properties.
Morphological signs. A plant srednerosly (80-100th), a cylindrical or elliptic form, with the sedentary leaves sticking out and pressed to a stalk. Plate of a leaf of an average circle elliptic or oval, surface smooth or slightly vspuchenny. Color of a leaf the green. Number of leaves – to 32 pieces. Length of a leaf of an average circle of 12-15 cm (in the Crimea). A flower with sharp transition of a tube to a funnel and almost soldered otgiby a nimbus.
Biological properties. Sortotip mid-season, steady against a drought, low-yielding.
Raw product. In the Crimea leaves after drying gain citreous color, in Kazakhstan – orange-yellow. Raw materials of high fragrance.
Area of distribution. Youzhny Kryma’s foothills and separate zones of Kazakhstan.
Soil processing
Main processing of the soil. It begin with lifting zyabi. On soils with the powerful arable horizon zyablevy plowing carry out on depth 27-30 see. On soils with the low-power arable horizon the main processing is necessary for carrying out with a pochvouglubleniye. With a turn of a layer plow on depth of 18-20 cm, and when loosening a pochvouglubleniye on 10-12 see.
First of all processing of the soil conduct on sites where tobacco was strongly struck with severe bronzing of tomatoes, and in the last – sites from under long-term herbs. Plowing of a grassy layer carry out a plow with a predpluzhnik whenever possible more deeply usual to create favorable conditions for decomposition of the vegetative remains.
At annual processing of the soil on the same depth under an arable layer the condensed layer, a so-called pluzhny sole is formed. To clean it it is possible periodically changing depth of the main plowing.
And on soils with the powerful gumusovy horizon for this purpose it is necessary to carry out every 3-4 year poluplantazhny plowing on depth to 50 see.
On soils with the superficial gumusovy horizon, it is necessary to loosen annually a podpakhotny layer on depth to 5 cm and on the same depth to deepen the main plowing.
Increase in the arable horizon carry out at obligatory introduction of manure and mineral fertilizers.
The field plowed on zyab, isn’t harrowed. Lifting under tobacco is necessary for finishing it by January 1.
Prelanding processing of the soil. Spring processing of the soil is carried out for the purpose of creating an enabling environment for accumulation and preservation of moisture and nutrients, destruction of weeds, and also for seal of mineral fertilizers.
The first spring boronovaniye zyabi carry out as soon as possible. Harrow it at an angle to the plowing direction.
Before tobacco landing a field contain in a friable and pure condition from weeds. It is reached by soil cultivation on depth 8-10 see. All cultivations carry out in the unit with a boronovaniye.
(Continuation follows).