In this article the standard pyramid is a question of cultivation of fruit-trees on the new technology which has received the name.
Reorganization 2002
Long-term data of the Crimean experimental station of gardening of Institute of gardening of UAAN, wide production check in different soil climatic conditions of the Crimea and Ukraine showed high potential possibilities of yablonevy gardens on a slaborosly stock of M 9. They are characterized by such features, as a skoroplodnost, fast rates of increase of productivity, high efficiency about units of area and convenience of care of trees. These economic and valuable signs finally define faster payback of capital expenditure in comparison with other known designs of gardens on srednerosly and semi-dwarfish stocks.
One of indispensable conditions of creation and effective operation of shpalerno-dwarfish gardens is support installation in the form of ferro-concrete columns and the 2-3rd ranks of a wire which serve for preservation of stability and the vertical provision of trees at loading as a crop.
In a number of the countries of the European community (Holland, Germany, Poland, etc.) as a support gardeners use either bamboo poles, or the wooden laths established near each tree. These poles in the top part fasten to the tense wire and already to the support fixed thus trees tie. It follows from this that achievement of an ultimate goal – preservation of a vertical poyolozheniye of trees in fructification – probably different sposobami, but thus installation of any retaining devices is interfaced to considerable starting expenses.
The economic crisis which endures today all national economy of Ukraine, essentially limited possibilities of farms on a laying of fruit plantings and, first of all, yablonevy gardens on a dwarfish stock of M 9 that is caused by high cost of materials for the support device. Search of solutions of this problem led to a razrayobotka of essentially new approaches to a bookmark and cultivation of karyolikovy gardens without attraction of any additional expenses, means and work on support creation. The essence of the development which authors are the senior research associates of the Crimean experimental station of gardening L.B.Tankevich and V. M. Kolesnik, consists that a role of basic devices trees, which when landing razmeshhayut groups at small distance carry out one from another. After a mutual fastening of saplings an obvyazochny material rather steady design which has received the name a standard pyramid turns out. This way of landing and cultivation of slaborosly trees is recognized as the invention and is confirmed with the patent of Russia in 1998g. Advantage of this way is in the physiological relation that features of an arrangement of plants create optimum preconditions for an active laying of fruit educations at the expense of redistribution of plastic substances in the first year after landing.
In the conditions of experimental plantings at the Crimean experimental station of gardening when using the saplings which have been grown up in containers from a polymeric film on technologies, developed V. M. Kolesnik, for the second year after landing received a crop of fruits on group of grades of domestic and foreign selection. On grades Scarlet sails, Priam and Dzhonafri the size of a crop made from 23 to 95 c/hectares of fruits in terms of 1 hectare of a garden. Smaller values of productivity characterized grades Dzhonagold, Kandil Sinop and the Florin (12-15 c/hectares).
The biological design a standard pyramid doesn’t provide use in fructification of fruit branches is more senior than three, and for some grades and two years that increases importance of selection of such grades of an apple-tree which are capable to stuff up a fruit kidney on escapes in a year of their education or as speak, to fructify on prirostax last year. Use of such grades will allow not only to realize as much as possible potential of efficiency of plantings and each grade in particular, but also to ensure competitive production on commodity qualities.
Besshpalernoye cultivation of a garden assumes possibility of a choice of density of landing from 2,8 to 4,9 thousand trees on 1 hectare, thus the choice can depend both on financial possibilities of an economy, and from ground resources.
Requirements to soil conditions and agrotechnical level of cultivation remain rather high – the fertile soil, the guaranteed irrigation, regular a scrap and effective system of protective measures.
For additional information to address to the address: AR Crimea, Simferopol district, item. Small, Crimean experimental station of gardening of Institute of gardening of UAAN.
L. TANKEVICH, manager. agrotechnology department, candidate of agricultural sciences.